The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 218

Sullivantiae, _Aust._)--On trees in a cedar swamp, Urbana, Ohio (_Sullivant_). (Eu.)

2. JuBULA, Dumort. (Pl. 25.)

Characters nearly as in Frullania. Leaves large and flat, an axillary one at the base of each branch without a lower lobe. Calyptra turnip-shaped, abruptly globose above. Moncious, with 2 antheridia in each leaf of a spike-like branch, and the archegonia mostly solitary.

(Name from _juba_, a mane, alluding to the persistent elaters.)

1. J. Hutchinsiae, Dumort., var. Sullivantii, Spruce. Subdichotomously branching; leaves dark olive-green, subimbricate, obliquely ovate, acute, entire or subrepand; lower lobe saccate, rather remote from the stem, not spurred as in the European form; underleaves roundish, serrate or entire; involucral leaves bifid, serrate; perianth triangular-obpyriform. (Frullania Hutchinsiae, _Nees_, in part.)--Wet rocks, N. Eng. to S. C.; more common in the mountains.

3. LEJEuNEA, Libert. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves decurrent at the folds, the lower lobe incurved and ventricose; underleaves usually present, entire or bifid. Archegonium with a slender persistent style, solitary on a usually very short branch; the perianth free from the involucral leaves, oval or oblong, terete or angular, variously carinate, cristate, or ciliate. Capsule globose, 4-cleft to the middle, the valves recurved. Spores large (40--50 broad), globose or oblong, tuberculate. Antheridia at the base of ordinary leaves or in the axils of the leaves of a spike-like branch.--Otherwise as Frullania.

(Named for _A.-L.-S. Lejeune_, a French botanist.)

[*] _Underleaves entire._

1. L. clypeata, Sulliv. (Pl. 24.) Stems proc.u.mbent, somewhat pinnately branched, --1' long; leaves whitish-green, round-ovate, cellular-crenulate, deflexed; lower lobe flat, oblong-quadrate; underleaves round-quadrate; moncious; involucral leaves larger than those of the stem, the perianth round-obovate, 2--3-carinate dorsally, 1-carinate ventrally, the keels rough. (L. calyculata, _Tayl._)--On rocks and trees; common south and westward.

[*][*] _Underleaves bifid; leaves entire._

2. L. serpylliflia, Libert, var. Americana, Lindb. Stems long, somewhat branching, pale, pellucid and fragile; leaves rather remote, flat, opening from a basilar sac, scarcely decurved, obliquely roundish-ovate, obtuse, often slightly repand; underleaves about half as large, round-oval with a broad obtuse sinus and acute lobes; moncious; the obovate-clavate perianth on a lateral branch. (L. cavifolia, _Aust._)--On cedars, etc., Catskill Mts. (_Cleve_), Belleville, Ont.

(_Macoun_), and southward; rather common.

3. L. lucens, Tayl. Whitish, filiform, pinnately branched; leaves remote, rarely subimbricate, obliquely ovate-triangular, rounded or obtuse, semi-cordate at base; lower lobe ovoid, acute or apiculate; underleaves as large as the lateral, round-oval, deeply bifid, the lobes broad-subulate; dicious; involucral leaves rather longer, with lanceolate lobes; perianth scarcely emersed, broadly pyriform, 5-carinate. (L. cucullata, _Sulliv._; not _Nees._)--Near Cincinnati; moist rocks, Alleghany Mts. and southward (_Sullivant_). Minute and flaccid.

[*][*][*] _Underleaves obsolete; leaves muriculate-denticulate._

4. L. calcarea, Libert. Very minute; stems slender, loosely branching; leaves ovate, falcate-decurved, sinuate-complicate at base; moncious; involucral leaves bifid, the divisions entire; perianth on a very short lateral branch, pyriform-clavate, acutely 5-angled, the margin echinate-muriculate. (L. echinata, _Tayl._)--On rocks and roots of trees; rather common. (Eu.)

4. RaDULA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, complicate-bilobed, incubous; lower lobe small, bearing root-hairs; underleaves none. Dicious, rarely moncious. Fruit usually terminal. Involucral leaves 2, slightly smaller than the cauline, 2-lobed; perianth tubular, compressed or nearly terete, truncate, entire or crenate. Calyptra pyriform, persistent. Capsule oval-cylindric.

Elaters slender, free. Spores large, globose, minutely tuberculate.

Antheridia in the ventricose bases of spicate leaves. (_Radula_, a sc.r.a.per or spatula, in allusion to the form of the perianth.)

[*] _Lower lobe subquadrate, barely inc.u.mbent on the stem._

1. R. complanata, Dumort. Creeping, widely subpinnately branching; leaves imbricate, spreading, rounded, the lower lobe obtuse or acute; moncious; perianth obconic, compressed, the mouth entire, truncate; antheridia in the bases of 2--3 pairs of strongly imbricate tumid leaves.--On rocks and roots of trees; common. (Eu.)

2. R. obconica, Sulliv. (Pl. 24.) Smaller, indeterminately branched; leaves somewhat remote, round-obovate, convex; moncious; perianth clavate-obconic, obliquely truncate; antheridia axillary on short lateral branches rising near the terminal involucre.--On trees in cedar swamps, N. J. to Ohio.

[*][*] _Lower lobe small, rounded, more or less transversely adnate._

3. R. tenax, Lindb. Stems brownish-green, rigid, tenacious; leaves remote, scarcely decurrent, obliquely elliptic-ovate, opaque, the cells round and strongly chlorophyllose; dicious; the antheridial spike lateral below the keel of a leaf, long, linear, somewhat obtuse. (R.

pallens, _Sulliv._; not _Gottsche._)--On rotten trunks, in the Catskill Mts., and southward, especially in the mountains.

5. POReLLA, Dill. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, incubous, complicate-bilobed; lower lobe ligulate, suberect; underleaves similar, decurrent at base, the apex entire.

Dicious. Fruit on a short lateral branch. Involucral leaves usually 4, 2-lobed, the margin ciliate or denticulate; perianth somewhat oval, compressed, bil.a.b.i.ate, incised or entire. Calyptra globose, persistent.

Capsule globose, reddish, short-stalked. Elaters very numerous, 2--3-spiral, free. Spores large, rough. Antheridia solitary in the saccate bases of leaves, crowded in short spikes. (Name a diminutive of _porus_, an opening.)

[*] _Leaves more or less remote; stems bipinnate._

1. P. pinnata, L. Stems irregularly pinnate, fastigiate at the ends; leaves scarcely incubous, ovate-oblong, the rounded apex sometimes slightly decurved; lower lobe minute, flat, oblong, obtuse, as long but not half as wide as the flat, entire, ovate-rectangular, scarcely decurrent underleaves. (Madotheca Porella, _Nees._)--On rocks and trees subject to inundation; common. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Leaves mostly closely imbricate; stems mostly simply pinnate (or bipinnate in n. 2)._

2. P. platyphlla, Lindb. (Pl. 24.) Yellowish or fuscous-green; stems irregularly pinnate, often fastigiate at the ends; leaves obliquely ovate, more or less concave at base and the rounded upper margin curved upward and undulate, mostly entire; lower lobe obliquely ovate, the margin strongly recurved, with an acute tooth at base; underleaves semicircular, with strongly reflexed margins. (Madotheca platyphylla, _Dumort._)--On rocks and trees; common eastward. (Eu.)

3. P. Thuja, Lindb. Fuscous-green or blackish, somewhat regularly pinnate; leaves convex, closely appressed, obliquely round-ovate, the rounded apex decurved, more or less denticulate; lower lobe oblong, obtuse, with an acute tooth at base, longer but narrower than the quadrate underleaves, both with strongly recurved spa.r.s.ely denticulate margins. (Madotheca Thuja, _Dumort._)--On rocks and trees; more common westward. (Eu.)

4. P. dentata, Lindb. Mostly fuscous-green, irregularly pinnate or subdichotomous; leaves more remote on the branches, obliquely round-ovate, the rounded summit slightly decurved, more or less denticulate; lower lobe decurrent, twisted, obliquely ovate, acute, with recurved undulate denticulate margin and a large acute tooth at base; underleaves twice as wide as the lower lobes, quadrate-oval, the undulate reflexed margin dentate, especially near the base. (Madotheca rivularis, _Nees._)--Shaded rocks, Yellow Springs, Ohio (_Sullivant_).

(Eu.)

5. P. Sullivantii, Underw. Stems strongly decurved at the ends in drying; leaves suberect, the straight ventral margin strongly involute toward the apex; cells large, punctate-stelliform; perianth broadly keeled beneath, the keel 2-angled. (Madotheca Sullivantii, _Aust._)--Alleghany Mts. (_Sullivant_); rare.

6. PTILiDIUM, Nees. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves incubous, complicate-bilobed, each lobe divided and lacerately ciliate; underleaves 4--5-lobed, ciliate. Dicious. Fruit terminating short branches. Involucral leaves 2--4, 4-cleft; perianth terete, obovate, the mouth connivent, plicate, denticulate. Calyptra pyriform, coriaceous. Capsule ovate. Spores globose. Antheridia in the base of closely imbricated leaves. (Name a diminutive of pt????, _a feather_, from the fringed foliage.)

1. P. ciliare, Nees. Stems crowded, subpinnate; fringes of the foliage long-setaceous. (Blepharozia ciliaris, _Dumort._)--On rotten logs and stumps; common. (Eu.)

7. TRICHOCoLEA, Dumort. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves succubous, 4--5-divided, and with the underleaves setaceously fringed. Dicious. Fruit terminal, or axillary from the growth of innovations. Involucral leaves coalescent into an oblong truncate hairy tube, blended in our species with the calyptra; perianth none. Capsule oblong, its pedicel bulbous at base. Elaters free. Antheridia large, in the axils of leaves on terminal branches. (Name from ????, _hair_, and ???e??, _a sheath_, from the hairy involucre.)

1. T. tomentella, Dumort. Stems pinnately decompound, densely tufted, glaucous, 2--6' long; leaves nearly uniform; underleaves subquadrate, as wide as the stem.--Among mosses in swamps; common. (Eu.)

T. BIDDLECMIae, Aust., very imperfectly described from specimens collected in Urbana, Ohio, is said to be simply and rather distantly pinnate.

8. HERBeRTA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves large, incubous or nearly transverse, narrow, 3-ranked, the underleaves being scarcely smaller, cleft to or below the middle, the lobes acute. Dicious. Fruit terminal on a long branch. Involucral leaves numerous, equitant; perianth ovate-subulate or narrowly fusiform, 3-angled, deeply 6--8-lobed. Calyptra small, obovate, deeply trifid.

Capsule large, globose. Elaters free. Spores large, muriculate.

Antheridia in the bases of leaves of a short terminal spike. (Named for _William Herbert_, an English botanist.)

1. H. adunca, S. F. Gray. Stems long and slender, erect, brownish, nearly simple; leaves and underleaves almost alike, curved and one-sided, the lobes lanceolate. (Sendtnera juniperina, _Sulliv._; not _Nees._)--On rocks, Greenwood Mts., N. J., Catskill Mts., N. Y., and probably northward. (Eu.)

9. BAZZaNIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 24.)

Leaves incubous, oblique, decurved, mostly truncate-tridentate; underleaves wider than the stem, mostly 3--4-toothed or crenate.