The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 50

11. A. gracilis, Nutt. Subcinereous, slender (1 high or more); leaflets 11--17, linear, obtuse or retuse; racemes loose; flowers small (3"

long); _pods pendent_, 2--3" long, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, _concave on the back_, the ventral suture prominent, _white-hairy_, at length glabrous, _transversely veined_.--Minn. to Neb. and Mo., and westward.

12. A. distortus, Torr. & Gray. Low, diffuse, many-stemmed, subglabrous; leaflets 17--25, oblong, emarginate; flowers in a short spike, pale-purple; pod ovate- or lance-oblong, curved, 6--9" long, glabrous, thick-coriaceous, somewhat grooved on the back, the ventral suture nearly flat.--Ill. to Iowa, Mo., Ark. and Tex.

13. A. lotiflrus, Hook. h.o.a.ry or cinereous with appressed hairs; stems very short; leaflets 7--13, lance-oblong; flowers yellowish, in few-flowered heads, with peduncles exceeding the leaves or very short; _calyx campanulate, the subulate teeth exceeding the tube_; pod oblong-ovate, 9--12" long, ac.u.minate, _acute at base_, canescent, the back more or less impressed, the acute ventral suture nearly straight.--Sask. to Neb. and Tex., west to the mountains.

14. A. Missouriensis, Nutt. Short-caulescent, h.o.a.ry with a closely appressed silky p.u.b.escence; leaflets 5--15, oblong, elliptic or obovate; flowers few, capitate or spicate, 5--8" long, violet; _calyx oblong, the teeth very slender_; pod oblong (1' long), acute, _obtuse at base_, p.u.b.escent, nearly straight, obcompressed or obcompressed-triangular, depressed on the back and the ventral suture more or less prominent, transversely rugulose.--Sask. to Neb. and N. Mex.

II. _Pod 1-celled, neither suture being inflexed or the ventral more intruded than the dorsal._--PHACA.

15. A. Coperi, Gray. Nearly smooth, erect (1--2 high); leaflets 11--21, elliptical or oblong, somewhat retuse, minutely h.o.a.ry beneath; flowers white, rather numerous in a short spike; calyx dark-p.u.b.escent; pod coriaceous, _inflated, ovate-globose_ (6--9" long), _acute, glabrous, slightly sulcate on both sides_, cavity webby.--Ont. and western N. Y. to Minn. and Iowa.

16. A. flexusus, Dougl. Ashy-p.u.b.erulent, ascending (1--2 high); leaflets 11--21, mostly narrow; flowers small, in loose racemes; pod thin-coriaceous, _cylindric_ (8--11" long, 2" broad), pointed, straight or curved, p.u.b.erulent, very shortly stipitate.--Red River Valley, Minn., to Col.

22. OXTROPIS, DC.

Keel tipped with a sharp projecting point or appendage; otherwise as in Astragalus. Pod often more or less 2-celled by the intrusion of the ventral suture.--Our species are low, nearly acaulescent perennials, with tufts of numerous very short stems from a hard and thick root or rootstock, covered with scaly adnate stipules; pinnate leaves of many leaflets; peduncles scape-like, bearing a head or short spike of flowers. (Name from ????, _sharp_, and t??p??, _keel_.)

[*] _Leaves simply pinnate._

1. O. campestris, DC., var. caerulea, Koch. _p.u.b.escent or smoothish_; leaflets lanceolate or oblong; flowers violet or blue, sometimes pure white; _pods_ ovate or oblong-lanceolate, of a _thin or papery_ texture.--N. Maine to Labrador.

2. O. Lamberti, Pursh. _Silky with fine appressed hairs_; leaflets mostly linear; flowers larger, purple, violet, or sometimes white; _pods cartilaginous or firm-coriaceous_ in texture, silky-p.u.b.escent, strictly erect, cylindraceous-lanceolate and long-pointed, almost 2-celled by intrusion of the ventral suture.--Dry plains, Sask. and Minn. to Mo. and Tex., west to the mountains.

[*][*] _Leaflets numerous, mostly in fascicles of 3 or 4 or more along the rhachis._

3. O. splendens, Dougl. Silvery silky-villous (6--12' high); scape spicately several to many-flowered; flowers erect-spreading; pod ovate, erect, 2-celled, hardly surpa.s.sing the very villous calyx.--Plains of Sask. and W. Minn., to N. Mex. and the Rocky Mts.

23. GLYCYRRHZA, Tourn. LIQUORICE.

Calyx with the two upper lobes shorter or partly united. Anther-cells confluent at the apex, the alternate ones smaller. Pod ovate or oblong-linear, compressed, often curved, clothed with rough glands or short p.r.i.c.kles, scarcely dehiscent, few-seeded. The flower, etc., otherwise as in Astragalus.--Long perennial root sweet (whence the name, from ??????, _sweet_, and ???a, _root_); herbage glandular-viscid; leaves odd-pinnate, with minute stipules; flowers in axillary spikes, white or bluish.

1. G. lepidta, Nutt. (WILD LIQUORICE.) Tall (2--3 high); leaflets 15--19, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate-pointed, sprinkled with little scales when young, and with corresponding dots when old; spikes peduncled, short; flowers whitish; pods oblong, beset with hooked p.r.i.c.kles, so as to resemble the fruit of Xanthium on a smaller scale.--Minn. to Iowa and Mo., and westward; Ft. Erie, Ont.

24. aeSCHYNoMENE, L. SENSITIVE JOINT-VETCH.

Calyx 2-lipped; the upper lip 2-, the lower 3-cleft. Standard roundish; keel boat-shaped. Stamens diadelphous in two sets of 5 each. Pod flattened, composed of several easily separable joints.--Leaves odd-pinnate with several pairs of leaflets, sometimes sensitive, as if shrinking from the touch (whence the name, from a?s???????, _being ashamed_.)

1. ae. hispida, Willd. Erect, rough-bristly annual; leaflets 37--51, linear; racemes few-flowered; flowers yellow, reddish externally; pod stalked, 6--10-jointed.--Along rivers, S. Penn. to Fla. and Miss. Aug.

25. CORONiLLA, L.

Calyx 5-toothed. Standard orbicular; keel incurved. Stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1. Pod terete or 4-angled, jointed; the joints oblong.--Glabrous herbs or shrubs, with pinnate leaves, and the flowers in umbels terminating axillary peduncles. (Diminutive of _corona_, a _crown_, alluding to the inflorescence.)

C. VaRIA, L. A perennial herb with ascending stems; leaves sessile; leaflets 15--25, oblong; flowers rose-color; pods coriaceous, 3--7-jointed, the 4 angled joints 3--4" long.--Conn. to N. J. (Nat.

from Eu.)

26. HEDSARUM, Tourn.

Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes awl-shaped and nearly equal. Keel nearly straight, obliquely truncate, not appendaged, longer than the wings. Stamens diadelphous, 5 and 1. Pod flattened, composed of several equal-sided separable roundish joints connected in the middle.--Perennial herbs; leaves odd-pinnate. (Name composed of ?d??, _sweet_, and ???a, _smell_.)

1. H. boreale, Nutt. Leaflets 13--21, oblong or lanceolate, nearly glabrous; stipules scaly, united opposite the petiole; raceme of many deflexed purple flowers; standard shorter than the keel; joints of the pod 3 or 4, smooth, reticulated.--Lab. to northern Maine and Vt.; north sh.o.r.e of L. Superior, and north and westward.

27. DESMDIUM, Desv. TICK-TREFOIL.

Calyx usually more or less 2 lipped. Standard obovate; wings adherent to the straight or straightish and usually truncate keel, by means of a little transverse appendage on each side of the latter. Stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1, or monadelphous below. Pod flat, deeply lobed on the lower margin, separating into few or many flat reticulated joints (mostly roughened with minute hooked hairs, by which they adhere to the fleece of animals or to clothing).--Perennial herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate (rarely 1-foliolate) leaves, stipellate. Flowers (in summer) in axillary or terminal racemes, often panicled, and 2 or 3 from each bract, purple or purplish, often turning green in withering. Stipules and bracts scale-like, often striate. (Name from des??, _a bond_ or _chain_, from the connected joints of the pods.)

-- 1. _Pod raised on a stalk (stipe) many times longer than the slightly toothed calyx and nearly as long as the pedicel, straightish on the upper margin, deeply sinuate on the lower; the 1--4 joints mostly half-obovate and concave on the back; stamens monadelphous below; plants nearly glabrous; stems erect or ascending; raceme terminal, panicled; stipules bristle-form, deciduous._

1. D. nudiflrum, DC. _Leaves all crowded at the summit of sterile stems_; leaflets broadly ovate, bluntish, whitish beneath; _raceme elongated on an ascending mostly leafless stalk or scape from the root_, 2 long.--Dry woods, common.

2. D. ac.u.minatum, DC. _Leaves all crowded at the summit of the stem from which arises the elongated naked raceme or panicle_; leaflets round-ovate, taper-pointed, green both sides, the end one round (4--5'

long).--Rich woods, from Canada to the Gulf.

3. D. pauciflrum, DC. _Leaves scattered_ along the low (8--15' high) ascending stems; leaflets rhombic-ovate, bluntish, pale beneath; _raceme few-flowered_, terminal.--Woods, Ont. to Penn., Mich., Kan., and southward.

-- 2. _Pod raised on a stalk (stipe) little if at all surpa.s.sing the deeply deft calyx; stems long and prostrate or dec.u.mbent; racemes axillary and terminal._

[*] _Stipules conspicuous, ovate, attenuate, striate, persistent; racemes mostly simple._

4. D. rotundiflium, DC. _Soft-hairy all over_, truly prostrate; _leaflets...o...b..cular_, or the odd one slightly rhomboid; _flowers purple_; pods almost equally sinuate on both edges, 3--5-jointed; the joints rhomboid-oval.--Dry rocky woods, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn., Mo., and La.

Var. glabratum, Gray, is almost glabrous, otherwise nearly as the ordinary form.--Ma.s.s. and N. Y.

5. D. ochroleuc.u.m, M. A. Curtis. _Stems spa.r.s.ely hairy_, dec.u.mbent; leaflets nearly glabrous, ovate, acute or obtuse, transversely reticulated beneath, the lateral ones smaller or sometimes wanting; racemes much elongated; _corolla whitish; pods twisted_, 2--4-jointed, the large rhomboid joints smooth and reticulated but the margins downy.--Woodlands, Md. and Va.

[*][*] _Stipules smaller, lanceolate and awl-shaped, less persistent; racemes panicled._

6. D. humifusum, Beck. _Glabrous or nearly so_, proc.u.mbent; _leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong_, rather obtuse, much smaller than in the two preceding (1--2' long), corolla purple; pods 2--4-jointed, flat, the oval-rhomboid joints minutely scabrous throughout.--Dry sandy soil, S. Penn. to Md.

-- 3. _Pod slightly if at all stalked in the calyx; racemes panicled._

[*] _Stems tall (3--5) and erect; the persistent stipules and deciduous bracts large and conspicuous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed; flowers rather large._

[+] _Pods of 4--7 unequal-sided rhombic joints, which are considerably longer than broad (about 6" long)._

7. D. canescens, DC. Stem loosely branched, _hairy; leaflets ovate, bluntish, about the length of the petioles, whitish and reticulated beneath_, both sides roughish with a close fine p.u.b.escence; joints of the pod very adhesive.--Moist grounds, Ma.s.s. and Vt. to Minn. and southward, chiefly westward. Branches clothed with both minute and hooked, and longer, spreading, rather glutinous hairs.--Var.

VILLOSiSSIMUM, Torr. & Gray, has the panicle and upper part of the stem very villous, and leaflets oblong-ovate.--Mo.

8. D. cuspidatum, Torr. & Gray. _Very smooth_ except the panicle; stem straight; _leaflets lanceolate-ovate and taper-pointed_, green both sides, longer than the petiole (3--5'); joints of the pod rhomboid-oblong, smoothish.--Thickets, common. The conspicuous bracts and stipules ' long.

[+][+] _Pods of 3--5 oval joints (not over 3" long)._