The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 72

18. EuLOPHUS, Nutt.

Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate or oblong, glabrous, with equal filiform ribs; oil-tubes 1--5 in the intervals; stylopodium conical, with long recurved styles; seed-face broadly concave, with a central longitudinal ridge.--Glabrous perennials (3--5 high) from deep-seated fascicled tubers, with pinnately or ternately compound leaves, involucels of numerous narrowly lanceolate ac.u.minate bractlets, and long-peduncled umbels of white flowers. (Name from e?, _well_, and ??f??, _a crest_,--not well applied to a plant with no crest at all.)

1. E. America.n.u.s, Nutt. Radical and lower stem-leaves large, 1--2-pinnately compound, with leaflets cut into short narrow segments; upper stem-leaves ternate, with narrowly linear elongated leaflets; fruit 2--3" long.--Ohio to Ill. and Mo., south to Tenn. and Ark. July.

19. ANTHRiSCUS, Hoffm. CHERVIL.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear, notched at base, long-beaked, glabrous, without ribs (but beak ribbed); oil-tubes none, stylopodium conical, seed-face sulcate.--Resembling _Chaerophyllum_ in vegetative characters. (The ancient Roman name.)

A. CEREFLIUM, Hoffm. Mature fruit smooth and s.h.i.+ning. (Chaerophyllum sativum, _L._)--Naturalized in E. Penn. (From Eu.)

20. BUPLEuRUM, L. THOROUGH-WAX.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oblong, with very slender ribs, no oil-tubes, depressed stylopodium, and seed-face somewhat concave.--Smooth annual, with ovate perfoliate entire leaves, no involucre, involucels of 5 very conspicuous ovate mucronate bractlets, and yellow flowers. (Name from ???, _an ox_, and p?e????, _a rib_.)

B. ROTUNDIFLIUM, L., is very common in fields and cultivated ground, N. Y. to N. C., west to Mo. and Ark. (Nat. from Eu.)

21. CRYPTOTae'NIA, DC. HONEWORT.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear-oblong, glabrous, with obtuse equal ribs; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and beneath each rib; stylopodium slender-conical; seed-face plane.--A glabrous perennial, with thin 3-foliolate leaves, no involucre, involucels of minute bractlets or none, and white flowers. (Name from ???pt??, _hidden_, and ta???a, _a fillet_, referring to the concealed oil-tubes.)

1. C. Canadensis, DC. Plant 1--3 high; leaflets large, ovate (2--4'

long), pointed, doubly serrate, often lobed; umbels irregular and unequally few-rayed; pedicels very unequal; fruit 2--3" long, often becoming curved.--N. Brunswick to Ga., west to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex.

June--Sept.

22. SUM, Tourn. WATER PARSNIP.

Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit ovate to oblong, glabrous, with prominent corky nearly equal ribs; oil-tubes 1--3 in the intervals; stylopodium depressed; seed-face plane.--Smooth perennials, growing in water or wet places, with pinnate leaves and serrate or pinnatifid leaflets, involucre and involucels of numerous narrow bracts, and white flowers.

(From s???, the Greek name of some marsh plant.)

1. S. cicutaeflium, Gmelin. _Stout_, 2--6 high; _leaflets 3--8 pairs_, linear to lanceolate, sharply serrate and mostly ac.u.minate, _2--5'

long_ (lower leaves sometimes submersed and finely dissected, as in the next); _fruit 1" long_, with prominent ribs. (S. lineare, _Michx._)--Throughout N. America.

2. S. Carsnii, Durand. _Weak_, 1--2 high; _leaflets 1--3 pairs_, linear, sharply serrate, _1--2' long; when submersed or floating, very thin, ovate to oblong, usually laciniately toothed or dissected_, the leaf sometimes reduced to the terminal leaflet; _fruit about 1"

long_.--Ma.s.s., R. I., Conn., and Penn.

23. BeRULA, Koch.

Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit nearly round, emarginate at base, glabrous; carpels nearly globose, with very slender inconspicuous ribs and thick corky pericarp; oil-tubes numerous and contiguous about the seed-cavity; seed terete.--Smooth aquatic perennial, with simply pinnate leaves and variously cut leaflets, usually conspicuous involucre and involucels of narrow bracts, and white flowers. (The Latin name of the Water-cress, of Celtic origin.)

1. B. angustiflia, Koch. Erect, --3 high, leaflets 5--9 pairs, linear to oblong or ovate, serrate to cut-toothed, often laciniately lobed, sometimes crenate (--3' long); fruit scarcely 1" long. (Sium angustifolium, _L_.)--Throughout the U. S. July, Aug.

24. ZiZIA, Koch.

Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate to oblong, glabrous, with filiform ribs; oil-tubes large and solitary in the broad intervals, and a small one in each rib; stylopodium wanting; seed terete.--Smooth perennials (1--3 high), with mostly Thaspium-like leaves, no involucre, involucels of small bractlets, yellow flowers, and the central fruit of each umbellet sessile. Flowering in early spring in open prairies and upland meadows. (Named for _I. B. Ziz_, a Rhenish botanist.)

1. Z. aurea, Koch. _Leaves_ (except the uppermost) _2--3-ternate_ the radical very long-petioled; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, sharply serrate; rays 15--25, stout (1--2' long); _fruit oblong, about 2"

long_. (Thaspium aureum, var. apterum, _Gray_, Manual.)--Atlantic States, west to Minn. and Tex.

Var. Bebbii, Coult. & Rose. A more slender mountain form, with leaflets more coa.r.s.ely serrate, the radical leaves smaller and more simple; rays 2--8, slender (2--3' long); fruit oval, 1--1" long.--W. Va. and Va. to Ga.

2. Z. cordata, DC. Radical leaves mostly long-petioled, _cordate or even rounder, crenately toothed_, very rarely lobed or divided; _stem-leaves simply ternate or quinate_, with the ovate or lanceolate leaflets serrate, incised, or sometimes parted; _fruit ovate, 1" long_.

(Thaspium trifoliatum, var. apterum, _Gray_, Manual.)--Same range as the preceding, but extending farther westward.

25. CaRUM, L. CARAWAY.

Calyx-teeth small. Fruit ovate or oblong, glabrous, with filiform or inconspicuous ribs; oil-tubes solitary; stylopodium conical; seed-face plane or nearly so.--Smooth erect slender herbs, with fusiform or tuberous roots, pinnate leaves, involucre and involucels of few to many bracts, and white (or yellowish) flowers. (Name perhaps from the country, _Caria_.)

C. CaRUI, L. (CARAWAY.) Leaves pinnately compound, with filiform divisions.--Naturalized in many places, especially northward. (Nat. from Eu.)

C. PETROSELNUM, Benth., the common PARSLEY, from Europe, with 3-pinnate leaves, ovate 3-cleft leaflets, and greenish yellow flowers, is occasionally found as an escape from cultivation. (Petroselinum sativum, _Hoffm._)

26. CICuTA, L. WATER-HEMLOCK.

Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit oblong to nearly orbicular, glabrous, with strong flattish corky ribs (the lateral largest); oil-tubes conspicuous, solitary; stylopodium depressed; seed nearly terete.--Smooth marsh perennials, very poisonous, with pinnately compound leaves and serrate leaflets, involucre usually none, involucels of several slender bractlets, and white flowers. (The ancient Latin name of the Hemlock.)

1. C. maculata, L. (SPOTTED COWBANE. MUSQUASH ROOT. BEAVER-POISON.) Stem _stout_, 2--6 high, streaked with purple; leaves 2--3-pinnate, the lower on long petioles; _leaflets lanceolate_ to oblong-lanceolate (1--5' long), ac.u.minate, coa.r.s.ely serrate, the veins pa.s.sing to the notches; pedicels in the umbellets numerous, very unequal; fruit broadly ovate to oval, 1--1" long.--Throughout the U. S. Aug.

2. C. bulbifera, L. _Rather slender_, 1--3 high; leaves 2--3-pinnate (sometimes appearing ternate); _leaflets linear_, spa.r.s.ely toothed (1--2' long); _upper axils bearing cl.u.s.tered bulblets_; fruit (rare) scarcely 1" long.--Common in swamps, N. Scotia to Del., west to Minn.

and Iowa.

27. aeGOPDIUM, L. GOUTWEED.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate, glabrous, with equal filiform ribs, and no oil-tubes; stylopodium conical and prominent; seed nearly terete.--A coa.r.s.e glabrous perennial, with creeping rootstock, biternate leaves, sharply toothed ovate leaflets, and rather large naked umbels of white flowers. (Name from a??, _goat_, and p?d???, _a little foot_, probably from the shape of the leaflets.)

ae. PODAGRaRIA, L., a common and troublesome weed in Europe, is reported from R. I. to Del. and E. Penn.

28. LEPTOCAuLIS, Nutt.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit very small, ovate, usually bristly or tuberculate, with somewhat prominent ribs; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; stylopodium conical; seed-face plane or somewhat concave.--Very slender smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves (segments filiform or linear), and small white flowers in very unequally few-rayed pedunculate umbels. (Name from ?ept??, _slender_, and ?a????, _a stem_.)

1. L. divaricatus, DC. Plant 1--2 high, with branches and umbels diffusely spreading, the very slender rays --1' long and the longer pedicels often 3--6" long; fruit tuberculate, " long. (Apium divaricatum, _Benth. & Hook._)--N. C. to Fla., west to Ark. and Tex.; reported from Kan. April.

2. L. patens, Nutt. Of similar habit, but the umbels shorter and more strict, the rays 3--6" long or less and the pedicels short; fruit densely sharp-tuberculate or nearly smooth. (Apiastrum patens, _Coult. & Rose._)--Central Neb. to Tex. and N. Mex.

29. DISCOPLEuRA, DC. MOCK BISHOP-WEED.

Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Fruit ovate, glabrous; carpel with dorsal ribs filiform to broad and obtuse, the lateral very thick and corky, those of the two carpels closely contiguous and forming a dilated obtuse or acute corky band; oil-tubes solitary, stylopodium conical; seed nearly terete.--Smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves, involucre of foliaceous bracts, involucels of prominent or minute bractlets, and white flowers. (Name from d?s???, _a disk_, and p?e????, _a rib_.)