Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 225

=Extract of Buck'bean.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM MENYANTHIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (P.

Cod.) From the expressed juice of the fresh plant.

2. (Ph. Bor.) From the infusion made with boiling water. Bitter, tonic and astringent.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr. In large doses it is purgative, cathartic, and even emetic.

=Extract of Buck'thorn.= Syn. EXTRACTUM RHAMNI, E. BACCARUM R., L. _Prep._ From the filtered expressed juice of buckthorn berries. Some persons allow it first to run into a state of fermentation; but the quant.i.ty of the product is thereby greatly lessened. Hydragogue and purgative.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1 dr., or more.

=Extract of Bur'dock.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BARDANae, L. _Prep._ 1. From the decoction of burdock root.

2. (P. Cod.) As EXTRACT OF BISTORT--P. Cod. In gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, &c.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1 dr. Sir Robert Walpole praised burdock root as a gout medicine; and others have considered it an excellent subst.i.tute for sarsaparilla. (Lindley.)

=Extract of b.u.t.ter-nut.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS, L. _Prep._ (Ph. U.

S.) From the inner bark of the root of the b.u.t.ter-nut or white walnut (_Juglanda alba_), as EXTRACT OF BITTER SWEET--Ph. U. S. A mild, yet efficacious aperient and vermifuge.--_Dose._ As a laxative, 5 to 10 gr.; as a purgative, 15 to 30 gr.

=Extract of Cainca Root.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CAINCae. (P. Pharm.) _Prep._ Put 10 oz. of the dried root of cainca into a percolator, pour on it proof spirit q. s. to penetrate the powder in every part, and let it remain 12 hours; then let the liquid drain, and pa.s.s successively through the powder in the percolator as much proof spirit as will amount with that previously used to 60 oz. by weight. Distil off the spirit and evaporate to a soft extract.

=Extract of Calabar Bean.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PHYSOSTIGMATIS. (B. P.) Calabar bean in coa.r.s.e powder, 1; rectified spirit, 5; macerate the bean for 48 hours in one fourth of the spirit in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally, then transfer to a percolator, and when the fluid ceases to pa.s.s add the remainder of the spirit, so that it may slowly penetrate through the powder; subject the residue of the bean to pressure, adding the pressed liquid to the product of the percolation; distil off the spirit, and evaporate what is left to the consistence of a soft extract by a water bath.--_Dose_, 1/16 to 1/4 gr.

=Extract of Calum'ba.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CALUMBae, E. RADICIS C., L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Calumba cut small, 1; water, 5; macerate in half the water for 12 hours, strain, and press; macerate again with the remaining water, strain, and press; mix and filter the liquors, and evaporate with the heat of a water bath to pill consistency.--_Dose_, 2 to 10 gr.

2. (Alcoholic--Ph. Bor.) Nearly as No. 3 (_below_), but using stronger spirit; the evaporation is to be conducted at a heat not above 167 Fahr., until it acquires the consistence of a pill-ma.s.s, which, after being rendered quite dry by a very gentle heat, is to be reduced to fine powder.

It should have a brownish-yellow colour, and give a turbid solution with water.--_Dose_, 4 to 12 gr. They are all tonic and stomachic.

3. (Spirituous--P. Cod.) As EXTRACT OF BOX. The Ph. Baden orders spirit of 944 to be used.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr.

=Extract of Cannabis Indicae.= See EXTRACT OF INDIAN HEMP.

=Extract of Canthar'ides.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF SPANISH FLIES; EXTRACTUM CANTHARIDES, E. LYTTae, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From the tincture, as EXTRACT OF BOX.

2. (Soubeiran.) From a tincture prepared with spirit of the sp. gr. 923 (about 2 u. p.).

3. (Acetic; E. C. ACETIc.u.m, L.) From a tincture prepared with acetic acid, sp. gr. 1048.

4. (Ethereal; E. C. aeTHEREUM, L.) From the ethereal tincture.

_Obs._ The ether, acid, and spirit distilled from the above must be either thrown away or used to make fresh extract, as it is highly poisonous. They are all for external use only, and should have the consistence of soft b.u.t.ter.

=Extract of Car'damoms.= _Syn._ ETHEREAL E. OF C.; EXTRACTUM CARDAMOMI aeTHEREUM, L. _Prep._ (W. Procter.) By spontaneous evaporation of the ethereal tincture. It consists of the volatile and fixed oils of the seeds and is used to aromatise pills, powders, &c.

=Extract of Ca'rob Beans.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CERATONIae, L. Prep. From the decoction of the pods (CAROB, or ALGAROBA BEANS) of the '_Ceratonia siliqua_,' or 'St. John's bread tree.' See ALGAROBA.

=Extract of Caroli'na Pink.= See EXTRACT OF PINK-ROOT.

=Extract of Car'rot.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CAROTae, E. RADICIS C., L. _Prep._ (Swediaur.) From the clarified expressed juice, evaporated to the consistence of honey. Recommended as an application to ulcerated cancers.

=Extract of Cascaril'la.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CASCARILLae, E. CORTICIS C., L.

_Prep._ 1. (Guibourt.) From the alcoholic (rectified spirit) tincture.

2. (Ph. Baden.) As the last, but using spirit of the sp. gr. 944.

3. (Ph. L. 1788.) As EXTRACT OF JALAP--Ph. L.

_Obs._ This extract is tonic, aromatic, and stomachic.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr., or more, 2 or 3 times a day. 28 lbs. of bark yield about 5-1/4 lbs.

of extract.

=Extract of Cas'sia.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM Ca.s.sIae, L. See Ca.s.sIA PULP.

=Extract of Cat'echu.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CATECHU, L. _Prep._ 1. From decoction of catechu.

2. (P. Cod.) From the infusion in boiling water. Astringent and tonic.--_Dose_, 5 to 25 gr. See CATECHU.

=Extract of Cel'andine.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CHELIDONII, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.

Bor.) From the herb (_Chelidonium majus_), as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. Bor.--_Dose_, 3 to 10 gr.

2. (Van Mons.) From the expressed juice, coagulated by heat, filtered, and evaporated, towards the end adding the coagulum.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr., or more. Used as a drastic hydragogue in dropsies; and in scrofula, &c.

=Extract of Cen'taury.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CENTAURII, L. Extracts under this name are prepared from 'American centaury' (_Sabbatia angularis_), and 'common centaury' (_Erythraea Centaurium_). Prep. 1. By evaporating the decoction, or the infusion made with hot water. The dose and properties resemble those of extract of gentian.

2. (Alcoholic; E. C. ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.) As EXTRACT OF BOX (see _above_).

=Extract of Cevadil"la.= _Syn._ ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SABADILLA; EXTRACTUM SABADILLae, L. _Prep._ (Dr Turnbull.) From tincture of cevadilla seeds, made with rectified spirit. Employed by Dr Turnbull as a remedy in painful rheumatic and neuralgic affections, and, generally, as a subst.i.tute for VERATRIA.--_Dose_, 1/10 to 1/6 gr. It is extremely poisonous.

=Extract of Cham'omile.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ANTHEMIDIS (Ph. E.), E. A.

n.o.bILIS, L. _Prep._ By evaporating the decoction of the flowers to the proper consistence.

_Obs._ This extract contains only the bitter portion of the chamomile, the aromatic volatile oil being dissipated during the evaporation. This, however is remedied in the formulae given by the British Pharmacopia, which is as follows:---

Boil chamomile flowers 1 lb., in one gallon of distilled water, until the volume is reduced to one half; strain, press and filter. Evaporate by a water bath to a proper consistence, adding oil of chamomile, 15 minims at the end of the process.

It is usually prepared from old flowers that have lost their smell and colour, and are thus rendered unsaleable. The extract of chamomile that smells strongly of the flowers, frequently vended by the druggists, is prepared by adding 1 dr. of the essential oil of chamomile to every pound of extract, when nearly cold, and just before removing it from the evaporating pan. This addition, unlike many which are made in the laboratory, vastly increases the medicinal virtues of this article. The ma.s.s of extract of chamomile met with in the shops is nothing but extract of gentian scented with a little oil of chamomile. 1 cwt. of chamomiles yields about 48 lbs. of extract.

Extract of chamomile is bitter, tonic, and stomachic.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr., made into a pill, either alone or combined with a little rhubarb and ginger. See PILLS, &c.

=Extract of Chenopo"dium.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF STINKING GOOSE-FOOT; EXTRACTUM CHENOPODII, L. _Prep._ 1. From the stinking orache or goose-foot (_Chenopodium olidum_), as EXTRACT OF ACONITE.--Ph. L.

2. (Mr Houlton.) From the expressed juice by spontaneous evaporation. A better plan is to expose it to heated air. Antihysteric, emmenagogue, and vermifuge.--_Dose_, 5 to 20 gr.

=Extract (Fluid) of Wild Cherry.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM PRUNI VIRGINIANae FLUIDUM. (Ph. U. S.) Wild cherry in fine powder, 16 oz. (troy); glycerin, 4 oz. (old measure); water, 8 oz. (old measure). Mix the glycerin and the water, and digest the wild cherry in 8 oz. of the mixture for 4 days, then pack in a percolator and pour on the remaining 4 oz. of glycerin and water. When this has disappeared from the surface pour on rectified spirit (817) until 12 oz. (old measure) of fluid have been obtained, and set this portion aside. Then percolate with spirit, until 20 oz. (old measure) more have been obtained; evaporate to 4 oz. (old measure), and mix with the reserved portion.

=Extract of Cincho'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF BARK. Three simple extracts, prepared respectively from YELLOW, PALE, and RED CINCHONA, are given in Ph. L.:--_Prep._ 1. (From CALISAYA or YELLOW BARK:--EXTRACT OF CINCHONA, E. OF YELLOW C., E. OF HEART-LEAVED C.; EXTRACTUM CINCHONae, L.)--_a._ EXTRACTUM CINCHONae FLAVae LIQUIDUM (B. P.). Yellow cinchona bark in coa.r.s.e powder, 16; distilled water, a sufficiency; rectified spirit, 1; macerate the bark in 40 of water for twenty-four hours, then pack in a percolator, and add water until 240 have pa.s.sed through, or until the bark is exhausted; evaporate the liquor to 20, at a temperature not exceeding 160; then filter, and continue the evaporation to 3, or until the sp. gr.

of the liquid is 1200; when cold, add the spirit gradually, constantly stirring. Sp. gr. 1100.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 minims.

_b._ (Ph. L.) Yellow cinchona (coa.r.s.ely bruised), 3 lbs.; distilled water (temperate), 4 pints; macerate for 24 hours (constantly stirring), and strain through linen; what remains, again macerate in water, 1 quart, for 24 hours, and strain; evaporate the mixed liquids to a proper consistence.

_Obs._ The aqueous extracts of cinchona bark possess little medicinal virtue, owing to the insolubility of the alkaloids (quinine, cinchonine, &c.) in water, and also from the rapid oxidation of their extractive matter, when exposed in solution to the joint action of heat and atmospheric oxygen.--_Dose_, 5 gr. to 1/2 dr., in mixtures, faintly acidulated with sulphuric acid. Cinchona bark yields from 24% to 30% of aqueous extract.

2. (From PALE BARK:--EXTRACT OF PALE CINCHONA, E. OF PALE BARK, E. OF LANCE-LEAVED B.; EXTRACTUM CINCHONae VALLIDae, L.)--_a._ (Ph. L.) From pale bark, as EXTRACT OF CINCHONA--Ph. L. (_above_).

_b._ (Ph. L. 1836.) From the decoction.