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was routinely consulted: Mary Booze to John Overton, November 22, 1926, PFP.
CHAPTER T TWELVE.
"In physical and mental": "Eisenhower's General Lee," Time Time, September 25, 1944, p. 21.
"Levees designed to limit": E. F. Dawson, Notes on the Mississippi River Notes on the Mississippi River, pp. 91-92.
"I was not accustomed": Speech by James Kemper to Round Table Club, April 8, 1937, New Orleans, Kemper Collection, Louisiana State Museum, Historical Division, New Orleans.
"The alluvial stream": Government Control with Cooperation of Riparian States and Cities Government Control with Cooperation of Riparian States and Cities, pamphlet (New Orleans, 1912), p. 17.
The New York Times New York Times: See NYT NYT, March 28 through March 31, 1913.
"succeeded in getting": LP to WAP, December 27, 1916, PFP.
"The question of absolute": Quoted in Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters Dams and Other Disasters, pp. 260-261.
"[T]here is no doubt": Clarke Smith, Survey for Spillways at or Near New Orleans Survey for Spillways at or Near New Orleans, p. 14.
"Whether their fears": J. A. Ockerson, Outlets for Reducing Flood Heights Outlets for Reducing Flood Heights, pamphlet, reply to R. S. Taylor.
"are all contrary": P&H P&H, p. 186.
The 1916 Mississippi River: HFCCH, pp. 1789-1792; James Kemper, Floods in the Valley of the Mississippi Floods in the Valley of the Mississippi, p. 35.
He insisted that: NOT NOT, April 5, 1927.
"The art of dam": Beach to Secretary of War, August 8, 1922, quoted in Morgan, p. 189.
"It is so much easier": Speech by Kemper to New Orleans Round Table, April 8, 1937, Kemper Collection, Louisiana State Museum, Historical Division, New Orleans.
the river rose unexpectedly: NOT-P NOT-P, April 10, 1922.
the gauge at the foot: NOT-P NOT-P, April 11, 1922.
in Louisiana a call: NOT-P NOT-P, April 17, 1922.
"Everything possible": Wires to John Sharp Williams from Clearing House a.s.sociation, J. D. Smythe, J. A. Hunt, and R. P. Crump, April 20, 1922, John Sharp Williams Papers, LC.
"People from Belzoni": Wire from Greenwood Chamber of Commerce to John Sharp Williams, April 25, 1922, John Sharp Williams Papers, LC.
"At Octavia there": John Klorer, "Report of the Inspection of the Levee Line to Mayor Andrew McShane," April 21, 1922, NOCA.
Three thousand city workers: Ibid.
"We are in": J. E. Weldon to John Parker, April 30, 1922; Parker to Weldon, May 2, 1922, Parker Papers, Special Collections, Dupre Library, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette.
On Esplanade Street: Interview with Louis Claverie, February 10, 1993; interview with Walter Barnett, November 15, 1992.
The flooding of Arkansas City: Cf., for example, NOI NOI, April 10, 1922; NOT-P NOT-P, April 10 and 11, 1922.
"I cannot say": Cf. NOI NOI, April 14, 1922, to NOT-P NOT-P, April 15, 1922.
he notified all city workers: NOT-P NOT-P, April 18, 1922.
"Notify the barge line": NOT-P NOT-P, April 25, 1922.
"The levees are better": NOI NOI, April 19, 1922.
the levee abruptly caved: NOT-P NOT-P, April 29, 1922.
"As for the high water": NOT-P NOT-P, April 27, 1922.
"the bight of": Report of Board of [Louisiana] State Engineers, 1922 to 1924 Report of Board of [Louisiana] State Engineers, 1922 to 1924, pp. 58-59.
less than an hour: NOI NOI, April 29, 1922.
By luck the Poydras creva.s.se: Testimony of John Klorer, 67th Cong., December 11, 12, 13, 14, 1922, at HFCCH; report of Board of Louisiana State Engineers, 1924, p. 58.
it had broken records: Kemper, Floods in the Valley Floods in the Valley, p. 36.
"A situation has": Walter Sillers, Sr., to Col. C. H. West, October 20, 1925; Sillers to LP, May 31, 1927, Sillers Papers, Delta State University Library.
"The Mississippi River Commission": Kemper testimony, HFCCH, p. 1710.
"[W]e are in reality": W. L. Head to Mississippi River Commission, March 8, 1927, NA, RG 77, case 2620, entry 521.
twelve floods: Undated (probably 1923) engineering report of Safe River Committee, NOCA.
"Some one has apparently": Beach to Harold Newman, May 12, 1922. copy in Edwin Broussard Papers, Special Collections, Dupre Library, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette.
When the criticism did not stop: Transcript of comments by Beach at hearings in New Orleans, August 20 and 21, 1922, Corps of Engineers Papers, NA, RG 77, entry 521; see also summary of correspondence with New Orleans a.s.sociation of Commerce, NA, RG 77, entry 521.
"If it were my property": Ibid.
LeRoy Percy maneuvered: Wire from LP to Parker, August 19, 1922, Parker Papers, USL.
Engineers called each other: Quoted in House Flood Control Committee Hearings House Flood Control Committee Hearings, 67th Cong., December 11-14, 1922, p. 164.
Percy had the Greenville: See, for example, log of correspondence under t.i.tle "Flood Protection Activities of the New Orleans a.s.sociation of Commerce," NA, RG 77, case 2891.
CHAPTER T THIRTEEN.
"Then G.o.d, our Lord": Garcilaso de la Vega, The Florida of the Incas The Florida of the Incas, quoted in H. C. Frankenfield, "The Floods of 1927 in the Mississippi Basin," Monthly Weather Review Monthly Weather Review, Supplement 29 (Was.h.i.+ngton, D.C., 1927), p. 10.
"to prevent the destructive": Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1926 Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1926, p. 1793.
"There was needed": Ibid., p. 16.
Only six times: John Lee, "A Flood Year on the Mississippi," Military Engineer Military Engineer, July-August 1928.
In October 1926: Ibid.
"It is no unusual": Report of Charles Ellet, reprinted in U.S. House of Representatives Doc.u.ments U.S. House of Representatives Doc.u.ments, vol. 24, 63rd Cong., doc. 918, pp. 32-120.
the flood crest poured: D. O. Elliott, The Improvement of the Lower Mississippi River for Flood Control and Navigation The Improvement of the Lower Mississippi River for Flood Control and Navigation, vol. 1, p. 91.
The new crest: Ibid.
This does not mean: Ibid., p. 92.
CHAPTER F FOURTEEN.
In Fulton, Kentucky: MC-A MC-A, January 4, 1927.
"You haint' got": JC-L JC-L, February 2, 1927.
"The Local Klan": JC-L JC-L, February 18, 1927.
Several farmers were indicted: JC-L JC-L, February 3, 1927.
Delta & Pine Land Company: MC-A MC-A, December 9, 1926.
"Cornets, trombones, ba.s.s horns": NOT-P NOT-P, March 1 and 2, 1927.
"From the Rockies": Ibid.
That crest took: Frankenfield, "The Floods of 1927," p. 28.
It would remain in flood: Ibid., p. 37.
the White and the Little Red: NOT NOT, February 3, 1927; JC-L JC-L, February 4, 1927.
A week later: NOT NOT, February 14, 1927; JC-L JC-L, February 19, 1927.
"Although river stages": NOI NOI, February 10, 1927.
March opened: MC-A MC-A, March 1 and 3, 1927.
"The virtual flood": JC-L JC-L, March 15 and 16, 1927.
Between March 17: NOI NOI, March 18 and 21, 1927.
In January: J. S. Allen to Walter Sillers, Sr., March 1, 1927, Walter Sillers, Jr., Papers, Delta State University Library, Clarksdale, Mississippi.
On March 23: Minutes of Board of Mississippi Levee Commissioners, March 23, 1927, Mississippi Levee Board, Greenville.
"If the river": a.s.sociated Press wire report, March 24, 1927.
"all the water in sight": Isaac Cline, Storms, Floods, and Suns.h.i.+ne Storms, Floods, and Suns.h.i.+ne, p. 124.
One camp operator: Lomax, The Land Where the Blues Began The Land Where the Blues Began, pp. 225-229.
On April 1: Lee, "A Flood Year on the Mississippi"; Frankenfield, "The Floods of 1927," p. 29.
"higher ups": JC-L JC-L, February 5 and April 7, 1927; MC-A MC-A, February 5 and April 7, 1927.
"concentration camps": Walter Sillers, Sr., to W. L. Thompson, September 20, 1927, Sillers Papers, Delta State University Library; Lee, "A Flood Year on the Mississippi."
In New Orleans hundreds of men: Marcel Garsaud to James Thomson, March 16, 1927, NOCA.
Danger areas included: Klorer to Thomson, April 10, 1927, NOCA.
"It is apparent": James Kemper to Walter Parker, February 1, 1927, NOCA.
Engineers sounding the bottom: MC-A MC-A, March 30, 1927.
Already the Yazoo: MC-A MC-A, March 28, 30, and 31, 1927.
"All levees are": JC-L JC-L, April 5, 1927.
"No serious trouble": SBV SBV, March 26, 1927.
"report on relief": John Lee to Adjutant General, April 18, 1927, NA, RG 94.
Mississippi Governor Dennis Murphree: Malin Craig to Adjutant General, April 6, 1927, NA, RG 200.
a storm March 31: MC-A MC-A, April 8, 1927.
"The outlook was gloomy": MC-A MC-A, April 8, 1927.
