Rising Tide. Part 31

"Eleven Killed Many Hurt": NYT NYT, April 9, 1927.

the Canadian River flood: NOI NOI, April 10, 1927.

As of April 9, 1927: Frankenfield, "The Floods of 1927," p. 28.

"We are in condition": MC-A MC-A, April 12, 1927; JC-L JC-L, April 10, 1927.

"From the forecast": Guy Deano to John Klorer, April 14, 1927, NOCA.

a levee in Arkansas was dynamited: GD-T GD-T, April 14, 1927; NYT NYT, April 14, 1927.

"Great Flood Peril": NYT NYT, April 15, 1927.

"The roaring Mississippi": MC-A MC-A, April 15, 1927.

"Every Available House": T. H. Caraway to Dwight Davis, April 14, 1927, NA, RG 94.

In the ten years: "Report of the Superintendent of the Sewerage and Water Board on the April 15 Flood," p. 10, NOCA.

Between 10 and 12: Ball diaries, April 15 and 16, 1927, MDAH; NYT NYT, April 14-16, 1927.

CHAPTER F FIFTEEN.

In 1882: HFCCH, Committee Doc. 1, p. 25.

The levee itself: "The Mississippi Valley Flood, 1927," Bulletin of the American Railway a.s.sociation Bulletin of the American Railway a.s.sociation 29, no. 297 (July 1927), pp. 9, 29. 29, no. 297 (July 1927), pp. 9, 29.

"They gave me": Interview with William Jones, March 2, 1993.

"An attempt to dynamite": GD-T GD-T, April 6 and 16, 1927.

"Nothing could be": LP to Sedgwick, April 27, 1922.

Bill Jones remembered: Interview with William Jones, March 2, 1993.

"They had a bunch": Statement of Duncan Cope, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

"There has never been": For example, see House Flood Control Committee Hearings House Flood Control Committee Hearings, 64th Cong., March 8, 1916, p. 26.

"We feel confident": MC-A MC-A, April 17, 1927.

"At Forest City": Caraway to Davis, April 18, 1927, NA, RG 94.

"absolutely without food": Mississippi Flood Control a.s.sociation to Davis, April 18, 1927, NA, RG 94.

"Seven more die": NYT NYT, April 17, 1927.

"the greatest flood in history": Wire from T. R. Buchanan to James Fieser, April 16, 1927, RCP.

"This is the psychological": LP to Dennis Murphree, March 24, 1927, PFP.

Murphree had sent: Kenneth McKellar to Dwight Davis, April 15, 1927, NA, RG 94.

"The levee board was": Statement of Vivian Broom, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

"They kept sending": Statement of Florence Sillers Ogden, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

If a black man refused: There are at least three confirmed incidents in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas in which blacks who refused to work on levees were killed. See Louisiana Weekly Louisiana Weekly, March 14, 1927; GD-T GD-T, July 6, 1927.

"The first of April": Interview with Wynn Davis, February 28, 1993.

"They gave me charge": Statement of Frank Hall, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

levees averaged eighteen inches: GD-T GD-T, April 20, 1927.

that same day, April 19: MC-A MC-A, April 19, 1927; NYT NYT, April 19, 1927.

Thirty years earlier: MC-A MC-A, April 22, 1927.

"The apparent slope": Report of Charles Ellet, reprinted in House Doc.u.ments House Doc.u.ments, vol. 24, 63rd Cong., doc. 918, p. 45.

Missouri Pacific Railroad bridge: MC-A MC-A, April 22, 1927.

In 1927 the Mississippi River: Testimony of Charles Potter, HFCCH HFCCH, p. 1874; James Kemper, HFCCH HFCCH, p. 2869; "The Mississippi Valley Flood, 1927," Bulletin of the American Railway Engineering a.s.sociation Bulletin of the American Railway Engineering a.s.sociation 29, no. 297 (July 1927). 29, no. 297 (July 1927).

one and a half feet higher: Interview with Frank Hall, March 27, 1992.

pumped billions of gallons: J. S. Allen to Major J. C. H. Lee, June 23, 1927; "High Water Report East Central Sector," Mississippi Levee Board, Greenville, Mississippi.

On April 19: NYT NYT, April 20, 1927.

"Stormy tonight": Ball diaries, April 20, 1927, MDAH.

"I'd never seen": Statement of Florence Sillers Ogden, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

"Is it as bad": Ibid.

"Forces were redoubled": JC-L JC-L, April 21, 1927.

upriver from Mounds Landing: Lee, "A Flood Year on the Mississippi," p. 112; MC-A MC-A, April 20 and 21, 1927.

"You get all": Interview with M. L. Payne, March 4, 1993.

"felt like jelly": Interview with William Jones, March 2, 1993.

"It was just boiling": Interview with Moses Mason, March 1, 1993.

"From dark until dawn": Lee, "A Flood Year on the Mississippi," p. 112.

"All night long": Statement of Florence Sillers Ogden, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public television, transcript in MDAH.

"to arouse the labor": GD-T GD-T, April 21, 1927.

"The negroes ran": E. C. Sanders, "Report of Activities at Camp Rex," contained within Report of Flood Relief Expedition Report of Flood Relief Expedition, Mississippi National Guard, Office of the Adjutant General, MDAH.

The river was overflowing: GD-T GD-T, April 21, 1927.

"You could see": Interview with William Jones, March 2, 1993.

"We can't hold it": A. G. Paxton, Three Wars and a Flood Three Wars and a Flood, p. 24.

"just seemed to move": Diary of Louise Henry Cowan, William Alexander Percy Library, Greenville, Mississippi.

"I took him": John Hall, Jr., oral history project taped April 13, 1977, William Alexander Percy Library, Greenville, Mississippi.

"I was...": Taped interview kindly shared by Pete Daniels with author.

"Levee broke": Wire from John Lee to Edgar Jadwin, April 21, 1927, NA, RG 94.

CHAPTER S SIXTEEN.

"Thousands of workers": MC-A MC-A, April 22, 1927.

"Refugees coming into Jackson": JC-L JC-L, April 24, 1927.

Judge R. C. Trimble: JC-L JC-L, April 22, 1927.

"estimated that more": JC-L JC-L, April 24, 1927.

"No lives were": Paxton, "National Guard Activities in Connection with Levee Fight and Flood Relief Expedition, Greenville, Mississippi," Report of Flood Relief Expedition Report of Flood Relief Expedition, Mississippi National Guard, Office of the Adjutant General, MDAH; see a.s.sociated Press report in Was.h.i.+ngton Post Was.h.i.+ngton Post, April 25, 1927; JC-L JC-L, April 22, 1927; Fred Chaney, "A Refugee's Story," unpublished ms., MDAH; interview with Frank Hall, March 27, 1992.

"We had a lead": Interview with Frank Hall, March 27, 1992.

The water's force: Oscar Johnston to H. W. Lee, Fine Cotton Spinners and Doublers a.s.sociation, May 31, 1927, D&PLCP. The Delta & Pine Land Co., the largest cotton plantation in the world, operated the land at the site of the break. Johnston was its chief executive officer.

"Let's put all": Interview with William Jones, March 2, 1993.

"It was as if": MC-A MC-A, April 22, 1927; see also article by Floyd Clay, MC-A MC-A, July 22, 1973.

"[T]he water was leaping": Oral history of E. M. Barry, MDAH.

"An airplane kept": Vicksburg Evening Post Vicksburg Evening Post, September 15, 1985.

"the flood water approach": Louise Henry Cowan, "Essay on Greenville, 1927," WAPL.

"in waves five or six": Statement of D. S. Flanagan, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

"When that levee broke": Statement of Sam Huggins, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

the water moved: Interview with Newman Bolls, March 2, 1993.

animals by the hundreds: Chaney, "A Refugee's Story."

"23 white women": JC-L JC-L, April 26, 1927.

"At 9:00, we could": Chaney, "A Refugee's Story."

"The water just came": Interview with L. T. Wade, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

"The situation is": MC-A MC-A, April 22, 1927.

"For G.o.d's Sake": NOT-P NOT-P, April 23, 1927.

Mounds Landing was: American National Red Cross, The Mississippi Flood Disaster of 1927: Official Report of the Relief Operations The Mississippi Flood Disaster of 1927: Official Report of the Relief Operations, p. 47.

Within three hours: Chaney, "A Refugee's Story."

Levee board engineers: JC-L JC-L, April 26, 1927.

"The water was just rolling": Interview with Frank Hall, March 27, 1992.

"Everybody run": Oral history of Levye Chapple, transcript in MDAH.

"You could see waves": Interview with Lamar Britton, March 1, 1993.

"The water was coming": Statement of Mrs. Henry Ransom, "The Flood of 1927," Mississippi Public Television, transcript in MDAH.

Up to ten feet: Connolly to Gen. Edgar Jadwin, April 23, 1927, NA, RG 77.

"Louisiana waits": MC-A MC-A, April 23, 1927.

The guards: JC-L JC-L, April 18, 1927; NYT NYT, April 19, 1927.

"Coolidge in Conference": NOT NOT, April 23, 1927.