Type Part 4

40. What is the chief advantage of the lining system?

41. What is needed when a word of small type is placed beside a word of large type? Why?

42. How is the line justified?

43. Into what groups are type faces divided for aligning purposes?

44. What are "combination series" of lining types?

45. What are kerned types?

46. How is kerning avoided?

47. What are the advantages and disadvantages of these expedients?

48. What is an em quad?

49. Describe the s.p.a.ces used in type composition.

50. Describe the mold used in type casting.

51. Describe the three methods of making the matrix.

52. What was the old method of casting type?

53. What is the modern method?

54. Describe the different kinds of type-casting machines.

55. Describe the finis.h.i.+ng of type after casting.

56. How is type made outside the type foundries?

57. What is a Linotype?

58. What does a Linotype produce?

59. Describe briefly the operation of a Linotype.

60. How are Linotype matrices distributed?

61. What does the operator have to do?

62. What is a Monotype?

63. What does a Monotype do?

64. What are the essential differences between a Monotype and a Linotype?

65. Describe the operation of the Monotype keyboard.

66. Describe the operation of the casting machine.

67. What peculiarity has the Monotype?

68. What is type made of?

69. What are the qualities of the several ingredients?

70. What can you say of the uses of different metals in the type foundries?

71. What sort of type metal is used in composing machines?

72. What other material is used for type?

73. For what purpose is it used?

74. How is this kind of type made?

GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO TYPE

The numbers in parentheses refer to preceding pages in the text, where further information about the different subjects may be found.

AGATE--A small size of type, about 5-1/2-point. (14)

ASCENDING LETTERS--The tall letters of the lower-case alphabet. (7)

ANTIMONY--One of the ingredients of type-metal; a silver-white, hard crystalline metallic substance, used in chemistry and medicine, as well as in industrial arts. (26)

b.a.s.t.a.r.d TYPES--Those with faces larger or smaller than is commonly made on a type-body. (15)

BEARD--The beveled s.p.a.ce below the face of a type. (15)

BODY--The piece of metal upon which the face is cast. (7, 8, 13)

BODY SIZE--The size of a type considered from top to bottom of the letter. (13)

BODY TYPE--The kinds of type, mostly roman faces, used for plain composition in paragraphs or pages of one face; text letter.

BORDERS--Characters cast in type, which may be adjustable in many ways, as for marginal lines, panels, and other decorative uses. (15)

BOURGEOIS--An old size of type, about 9-point.

BRa.s.s TYPE--For stamping book covers, etc. Ordinary type-metal cannot endure the heat which must be applied for stamping gold leaf, or printing on hard, rough surfaces. Bra.s.s types are more expensive as well as more durable.