The Grammar of English Grammars Part 219

"But _Wisdom_ is justified of all her children."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Luke_, vii, 35. "Fortune and the _Church_ are generally put in the feminine gender: that is, when personified." "Go to your _Natural Religion_; lay before her Mahomet and his disciples."--_Bp. Sherlock_. "O _Death!_ where is thy sting? O _Grave!_ where is thy victory."--_Pope_: _1 Cor._, xv, 55; _Merchant's Gram._, p. 172. "Ye cannot serve G.o.d and Mammon."--_Matt._, vi, 24. "Ye cannot serve G.o.d and _Mammon_"--See _Luke_, xvi, 13. "This house was built as if _Suspicion_ herself had dictated the plan."--_Ra.s.selas_.

"Poetry distinguishes herself from _Prose_, by yielding to a musical law."--_Music of Nature_, p. 501. "My beauteous deliverer thus uttered her divine instructions: 'My name is _Religion_. I am the offspring of _Truth_ and _Love_, and the parent of _Benevolence, Hope_, and _Joy_. That monster, from whose power I have freed you, is called _Superst.i.tion_: she is called the child of _Discontent_, and her followers are _Fear_ and _Sorrow_.'"--_E. Carter_. "Neither _Hope_ nor _Fear_ could enter the retreats; and _Habit_ had so absolute a power, that even _Conscience_, if _Religion_ had employed her in their favour, would not have been able to force an entrance."--_Dr. Johnson_.

"In colleges and halls in ancient days, There dwelt a sage called _Discipline_."--_Cowper_.

UNDER RULE XI.--OF DERIVATIVES.

"In English, I would have _Gallicisms_ avoided."--_Felton_. "Sall.u.s.t was born in Italy, 85 years before the _Christian_ era."--_Murray cor._; "Dr.

Doddridge was not only a great man, but one of the most excellent and useful _Christians_, and _Christian_ ministers."--_Id._ "They corrupt their style with untutored _Anglicisms_"--_Milton_. "Albert of Stade, author of a chronicle from the creation to 1286, a _Benedictine_ of the 13th century."--_Biog. Dict. cor._ "Graffio, a _Jesuit_ of Capua in the 16th century, author of two volumes on moral subjects."--_Id._ "They _Frenchify_ and _Italianize_ words whenever they can."--_Bucke's Gram._, p. 86. "He who sells a _Christian_, sells the grace of G.o.d."--_Mag. cor._ "The first persecution against the _Christians_, under Nero, began A. D.

64."--_Gregory cor._ "P. Rapin, the _Jesuit_, uniformly decides in favour of the Roman writers."--_Blair's Rhet._, p. 248. "The Roman poet and _Epicurean_ philosopher Lucretius has said," &c.--_Cohen cor._ Spell _"Calvinistic, Atticism, Gothicism, Epicurism, Jesuitism, Sabianism, Socinianism, Anglican, Anglicism, Anglicize, Vandalism, Gallicism_, and _Romanize_."--_Webster cor._ "The large _Ternate_ bat."--_Id. and Bolles cor._

"Church-ladders are not always mounted best By learned clerks, and _Latinists_ profess'd"--_Cowper cor._

UNDER RULE XII.--OF I AND O.

"Fall back, fall back; _I_ have not room:--_O!_ methinks _I_ see a couple whom _I_ should know."--_Lucian_. "Nay, _I_ live as _I_ did, _I_ think as _I_ did, _I_ love you as _I_ did; but all these are to no purpose; the world will not live, think, or love, as _I_ do."--_Swift to Pope_.

"Whither, _O!_ whither shall _I_ fly? _O_ wretched prince! _O_ cruel reverse of fortune! _O_ father Micipsa! is this the consequence of thy generosity?"--_Tr. of Sall.u.s.t._ "When _I_ was a child, _I_ spake as a child, _I_ understood as a child, _I_ thought as a child; but when _I_ became a man, _I_ put away childish things."--_1 Cor._, xiii, 11. "And _I_ heard, but _I_ understood not; then said _I, O_ my Lord, what shall be the end of these things?"--_Dan._, xii, 8. "Here am _I_; _I_ think _I_ am very good, and _I_ am quite sure _I_ am very happy, yet _I_ never wrote a treatise in my life."--_Few Days in Athens_, p. 127. "Singular, Vocative, _O master!_ Plural, Vocative, _O masters!_"--_Bicknell cor._

"I, _I_ am he; _O_ father! rise, behold Thy son, with twenty winters now grown old!"

--_Pope's Odyssey_, B. 24, l. 375.

UNDER RULE XIII.--OF POETRY.

"Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, _Lie_ in three words--health, peace, and competence; _But_ health consists with temperance alone, _And_ peace, O Virtue! peace is all thy own."--_Pope._

"Observe the language well in all you write, _And_ swerve not from it in your loftiest flight.

The smoothest verse and the exactest sense _Displease_ us, if ill English give offence: _A_ barbarous phrase no reader can approve; _Nor_ bombast, noise, or affectation love.

In short, without pure language, what you write _Can_ never yield us profit or delight.

Take time for thinking; never work in haste; _And_ value not yourself for writing fast."--_Dryden._

UNDER RULE XIV.--OF EXAMPLES.

"The word _rather_ is very properly used to express a small degree or excess of a quality; as, '_She_ is _rather_ profuse in her expenses.'"--_Murray cor._ "_Neither_ imports _not either_; that is, not one nor the other: as, '_Neither_ of my friends was there.'"--_Id._ "When we say, '_He_ is a tall man,'--'_This_ is a fair day,' we make some reference to the ordinary size of men, and to different weather."--_Id._ "We more readily say, 'A million of men,' than, '_A_ thousand of men.'"--_Id._ "So in the instances, '_Two_ and two are four;'--'_The_ fifth and sixth volumes will complete the set of books.'"--_Id._ "The adjective may frequently either precede or follow the verb: as, '_The_ man is _happy_;' or, '_Happy_ is the man;'--'The interview was _delightful_;' or, '_Delightful_ was the interview.'"--_Id._ "If we say, '_He_ writes a pen;'--'_They_ ran the river;'--'_The_ tower fell the Greeks;'--'Lambeth is Westminster _Abbey_;'--[we speak absurdly;] and, it is evident, there is a vacancy which must be filled up by some connecting word: as thus, 'He writes _with_ a pen;'--'_They_ ran _towards_ the river;'--'_The_ tower fell _upon_ the Greeks;'--'Lambeth is _over against_ Westminster _Abbey_.'"--_Id._ "Let me repeat it;--_He_ only is great, who has the habits of greatness."--_Id._ "I say not unto thee, _Until_ seven times; but, _Until_ seventy times seven."--_Matt._, xviii, 22.

"The Panther smil'd at this; and, '_When_,' said she, 'Were those first councils disallow'd by me?'"--_Dryd. cor._

UNDER RULE XV.--OF CHIEF WORDS.

"The supreme council of the nation is called the _Divan_."--_Balbi cor._ "The British _Parliament_ is composed of _King, Lords_, and _Commons._"--_Comly's Gram._, p. 129; and _Jaudon's_, 127. "A popular orator in the House of Commons has a sort of patent for coining as many new terms as he pleases."--See _Campbell's Rhet._, p. 169; _Murray's Gram._, 364. "They may all be taken together, as one name; as, '_The House of Commons._'"--_Merchant cor._ "Intrusted to persons in whom the _Parliament_ could confide."--_Murray cor._ "For 'The _Lords' House_,' it were certainly better to say, '_The House of Lords_;' and, in stead of 'The _Commons'_ vote,' to say. 'The _vote_ of the _Commons._'"--_Id. and Priestley cor._ "The _House_ of _Lords_ were so much influenced by these reasons."--_Iidem._ "Rhetoricians commonly divide them into two great cla.s.ses; _Figures_ of _Words_, and _Figures_ of _Thought_. The former, _Figures_ of _Words_, are commonly called _Tropes_."--_Murray's Gram._, p.

337. "Perhaps, _Figures_ of _Imagination_, and _Figures_ of _Pa.s.sion_, might be a more useful distribution."--_Ib._ "Hitherto we have considered sentences, under the heads of _Perspicuity, Unity_, and _Strength_."--See _Murray's Gram._, p. 356.

"The word is then depos'd; and, in this view, You rule the _Scripture_, not the _Scripture_ you."--_Dryd. cor._

UNDER RULE XVI.--OF NEEDLESS CAPITALS.

"Be of good cheer; _it_ is I; be not afraid."--FRIENDS' BIBLE, AND SCOTT'S: _Matt._, xiv, 27. "Between pa.s.sion and lying, there is not a _finger's_ breadth."--_Mur. cor._ "Can our _solicitude_ alter the course, or unravel the intricacy, of human events?" "The last edition was carefully compared with the _original ma.n.u.script_."--_Id._ "And the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the _king_ of the Jews?"--SCOTT: _Matt._, xxvii, 11. "Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame, that say, Aha, _aha_!"--SCOTT ET AL.: _Ps._, lxx, 3. "Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame, that say unto me, Aha, aha!"--IIDEM: _Ps._, xl, 15. "What think ye of Christ? whose _son_ is he? They say unto him, The _son_ of David. He saith unto them, How then doth David in _spirit_ call him Lord?"--ALGER: _Matt._, xxii, 42, 43. "Among all _things_ in the _universe_, direct your _wors.h.i.+p_ to the _greatest_. And which is that?

_It_ is that Being _who manages_ and _governs_ all the rest."--_Collier's Antoninus cor._ "As for _modesty_ and _good faith, truth_ and _justice_, they have left this wicked _world_ and retired to _heaven; and_ now what is it that can keep you here?"--_Idem_.

"If pulse of verse a nation's temper shows, In keen iambics English metre flows."--_Brightland cor._

PROMISCUOUS CORRECTIONS RESPECTING CAPITALS.

LESSON I.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Come, gentle _Spring, ethereal_ mildness, come."--_Thomson's Seasons_, p.

29. As, "He is the Cicero of his age;"--"_He_ is reading the _Lives_ of the Twelve Caesars;"--or, if no particular book is meant,--"the _lives_ of the _twelve_ Caesars;" (as it is in _Fisk's Grammar_, p. 57;) for the sentence, as it stands in Murray, is ambiguous. "In the _History_ of Henry the _Fourth_, by _Father_ Daniel, we are _surprised_ at not finding him the great man."--_Smollett's Voltaire_, Vol. v, p. 82. "Do not those same poor peasants use the _lever_, and the _wedge_, and many other instruments?"--_Harris and Mur. cor._ "Arithmetic is excellent for the gauging of _liquors; geometry_, for the measuring of _estates; astronomy_, for the making of _almanacs_; and _grammar_, perhaps, for the drawing of _bonds_ and _conveyances_."--See _Murray's Gram._, p. 288. "The [_History_ of the] _Wars_ of Flanders, written in Latin by Famia.n.u.s Strada, is a book of some note."--_Blair cor._ "_William_ is a noun. _Why_? _Was_ is a verb.

_Why_? _A_ is an article. _Why_? _Very_ is an adverb. _Why_?"

&c.--_Merchant cor._ "In the beginning was the _Word_, and that _Word_ was with G.o.d, and G.o.d was that _Word_."--See _Gospel of John_, i, 1. "The _Greeks_ are numerous in _Thessaly, Macedonia, Romelia_, and _Albania_."--_Balbi's Geog._, p. 360. "He [the Grand Seignior] is styled by the Turks, Sultan, Mighty, or Padishah, _Lord_."--_Balbi cor._ "I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death. O _Death_! I will be thy _plague_; O _Grave_! I will be thy destruction."--_Bible cor._ "Silver and _gold_ have I none; but such as I have, give I [unto] thee."--See _Acts_, iii, 6. "Return, we beseech thee, O G.o.d of _hosts_! look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine."--See _Psalm_ lx.x.x, 14. "In the Attic _commonwealth_, it was the privilege of every citizen to rail in public."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. i, p. 316. "They a.s.sert, that in the phrases, 'GIVE me _that_,'--'_This_ is John's,' and, '_Such_ were _some_ of you,'--the words in _Italics_ are p.r.o.nouns; but that, in the following phrases, they are not p.r.o.nouns: '_This_ book is instructive;'--'_Some_ boys are ingenious;'--'_My_ health is declining;'--'_Our_ hearts are deceitful.'"--_Murray partly corrected_.[523] "And the coast bends again to the northwest, as far as _Farout Head_."--_Geog. cor._ "Dr. Webster, and other makers of spelling-books, very improperly write _Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday_, and _Sat.u.r.day_, without capitals."--_G. Brown_. "The commander in chief of the Turkish navy is styled the _Capitan Pacha_."--_Balbi cor._ "Shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the _Father_ of spirits, and live?"--ALGER'S BIBLE: _Heb._, xii, 9. "He [Dr.

Beattie] was more anxious to attain the character of a _Christian_ hero."--_Murray cor._ "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is _Mount_ Zion."--_W. Allen's Gram._, p. 393. "The Lord is my _helper_, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me."--ALGER, FRIENDS, ET AL.: _Heb._, xiii, 6. "Make haste to help me, O LORD my _salvation_."--IIDEM: _Psalms_, x.x.xviii, 22.

"The _city_ which _thou_ seest, no other deem Than great and glorious Rome, _queen_ of the _earth_."

--_Paradise Regained_, B. iv.

LESSON II.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"That range of hills, known under the general name of _Mount_ Jura."--_Account of Geneva_. "He rebuked the Red _Sea_ also, and it was dried up."--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Ps_. cvi, 9. "Jesus went unto the _Mount_ of Olives."--_Bible cor._ "Milton's book in reply to the _Defence of the King_, by Salmasius, gained him a thousand pounds from the _Parliament_, and killed his antagonist with vexation."--_G. B_. "Mandeville, _Sir_ John, an Englishman famous for his travels, born about 1300, died in 1372."--_B.

Dict. cor._ "Ettrick _Pen_, a mountain in Selkirks.h.i.+re, Scotland, height 2,200 feet."--_G. Geog. cor._ "The coast bends from _Dungsby Head_, in a northwest direction, to the promontory of _Dunnet Head_."--_Id._ "General Gaines ordered a detachment of _nearly_ 300 men, under the command of Major Twiggs, to surround and take an Indian _village_, called _Fowltown_, about fourteen miles from _Fort_ Scott."--_Cohen Cor._ "And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, 'Talitha, _c.u.mi_.'"--_Bible Editors cor._ "On religious subjects, a frequent _adoption of Scripture_ language is attended with peculiar force."--_Murray cor._ "Contemplated with grat.i.tude to their Author, the Giver of all _good_."--_Id._ "When he, the Spirit of _truth_, is come, he will guide you into all [the] truth,"--SCOTT, ALGER, ET AL.: _John_, xvi, 13. "See the _Lecture on Verbs, Rule XV, Note_ 4th."--_Fisk cor._ "At the commencement of _Lecture_ 2d, I informed you that Etymology treats, _thirdly_, of derivation."--_Kirkham cor._ "This 8th _Lecture_ is a very important one."--_Id._ "Now read the _11th_ and _12th_ lectures, four or five times over."--_Id._ "In 1752, he [Henry Home] was advanced to the bench, under the t.i.tle of _Lord_ Kames."--_Murray cor._ "One of his maxims was, '_Know_ thyself.'"--_Lempriere cor._ "Good _Master_, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?"--FRIENDS' BIBLE: _Matt._, xix, 16. "His best known works, however, [John Almon's] are, '_Anecdotes_ of the _Life_ of the _Earl_ of Chatham,' 2 vols. 4to, 3 vols. 8vo; and '_Biographical, Literary_, and _Political Anecdotes_ of several of the _Most Eminent Persons_ of the _Present Age_; never before printed,' 3 vols.

8vo, 1797."--_Biog. Dict. cor._ "O gentle _Sleep_, Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?"--SHAK.: _Kames, El. of Crit._, Vol. ii, p. 175. "And _peace, O Virtue!_ peace is all thy own."--_Pope et al. cor._

LESSON III.--MIXED EXAMPLES.

"Fenelon united the characters of a n.o.bleman and a _Christian_ pastor. His book ent.i.tled, 'An _Explication_ of the Maxims of the Saints, concerning the _Interior Life_,' gave considerable offence to the guardians of orthodoxy."--_Murray cor._ "When _Natural Religion_, who before was only a spectator, is introduced as speaking by the _Centurion's_ voice."--_Murray's Gram._, Vol. i, p. 347. "You cannot deny, that the great _Mover_ and _Author_ of nature constantly explaineth himself to the eyes of men, by the sensible intervention of arbitrary signs, which have no similitude to, or connexion with, the things signified."--_Berkley cor._ "The name of this letter is _Double-u_, its form, that of a double V."--_Dr. Wilson cor._ "Murray, in his _Spelling-Book_, wrote _Charlestown_ with a _hyphen_ and two capitals."--_G. Brown._ "He also wrote _European_ without a capital."--_Id._ "They profess themselves to be _Pharisees_, who are to be heard and not imitated."--_Calvin cor._ "Dr. Webster wrote both _Newhaven_ and _New York_ with single capitals."--_G. Brown_. "_Gay Head_, the west point of Martha's Vineyard."--_Williams cor._ "Write _Crab Orchard, Egg Harbour, Long Island, Perth Amboy, West Hampton, Little Compton, New Paltz, Crown Point, Fell's Point, Sandy Hook, Port Penn, Port Royal, Porto Bello_, and _Porto Rico_.'"--_G. Brown._ "Write the names of the months: _January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December_."--_Id._ "Write the following names and words properly: _Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Sat.u.r.day, Saturn;--Christ, Christian, Christmas, Christendom, Michaelmas, Indian, Baccha.n.a.ls;--East Hampton, Omega, Johannes, Aonian, Levitical, Deuteronomy, European_."--_Id._

"Eight _letters_ in some _syllables_ we find, And no more _syllables_ in _words_ are join'd."--_Brightland cor._

CHAPTER II.--OF SYLLABLES.

CORRECTIONS OF FALSE SYLLABICATION.

LESSON I.--CONSONANTS.

1. Correction of _Murray_, in words of two syllables: civ-il, col-our, cop-y, dam-ask, doz-en, ev-er, feath-er, gath-er, heav-en, heav-y, hon-ey, lem-on, lin-en, mead-ow, mon-ey, nev-er, ol-ive, or-ange, oth-er, pheas-ant, pleas-ant, pun-ish, rath-er, read-y, riv-er, rob-in, schol-ar, shov-el, stom-ach, tim-id, whith-er.

2. Correction of _Murray_, in words of three syllables: ben-e-fit, cab-i-net, can-is-ter, cat-a-logue, char-ac-ter, char-i-ty, cov-et-ous, dil-i-gence, dim-i-ty, el-e-phant, ev-i-dent, ev-er-green, friv-o-lous, gath-er-ing, gen-er-ous, gov-ern-ess, gov-ern-or, hon-est-y, kal-en-dar, lav-en-der, lev-er-et, lib-er-al, mem-or-y, min-is-ter, mod-est-ly, nov-el-ty, no-bod-y, par-a-dise, pov-er-ty, pres-ent-ly, prov-i-dence, prop-er-ly, pris-on-er, rav-en-ous, sat-is-fy, sev-er-al, sep-ar-ate, trav-el-ler, vag-a-bond;--con-sid-er, con-tin-ue, de-liv-er, dis-cov-er, dis-fig-ure, dis-hon-est, dis-trib-ute, in-hab-it, me-chan-ic, what-ev-er;--rec-om-mend, ref-u-gee, rep-ri-mand.

3. Correction of _Murray_, in words of four syllables: cat-er-pil-lar, char-i-ta-ble, dil-i-gent-ly, mis-er-a-ble, prof-it-a-ble, tol-er-a-ble;--be-nev-o-lent, con-sid-er-ate, di-min-u-tive, ex-per-i-ment, ex-trav-a-gant, in-hab-i-tant, no-bil-i-ty, par-tic-u-lar, pros-per-i-ty, ri-dic-u-lous, sin-cer-i-ty;--dem-on-stra-tion, ed-u-ca-tion, em-u-la-tion, ep-i-dem-ic, mal-e-fac-tor, man-u-fac-ture, mem-o-ran-dum, mod-er-a-tor, par-a-lyt-ic, pen-i-ten-tial, res-ig-na-tion, sat-is-fac-tion, sem-i-co-lon.

4. Correction of _Murray_, in words of five syllables: a-bom-i-na-ble, a-poth-e-ca-ry, con-sid-er-a-ble, ex-plan-a-to-ry, pre-par-a-to-ry;-- ac-a-dem-i-cal, cu-ri-os-i-ty, ge-o-graph-i-cal, man-u-fac-tor-y, sat-is-fac-tor-y, mer-i-to-ri-ous;--char-ac-ter-is-tic, ep-i-gram-mat-ic, ex-per-i-ment-al, pol-y-syl-la-ble, con-sid-er-a-tion.