The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 131

2. A. fasciculatum, Gray. _Scaly stem erect and rising 3--4' out of the ground_, mostly longer than the crowded peduncles; _divisions of the calyx triangular, very much shorter than the corolla_, which has rounded short lobes.--Sandy ground, L. Michigan to Minn., southward west of the Mississippi, and westward. On Artemisia, Eriogonum, etc. May.

[*][*] _Caulescent, flowers densely spicate, with 1--2 bractlets at base of calyx; corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip less or not at all 2-cleft._

3. A. Ludovicianum, Gray. Glandular-p.u.b.escent, branched (3--12' high); corolla somewhat curved, twice the length of the narrow lanceolate calyx-lobes; the lips equal in length. (Phelipaea Ludoviciana, _Walp._)--Minn. to Ill. and Tex., and westward.

4. OROBaNCHE, Tourn. BROOM-RAPE.

Flowers spicate, sessile. Calyx cleft before and behind almost or quite to the base, the divisions usually 2-cleft. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, 2-lobed or emarginate, the lower spreading, broadly 3-lobed.

Stamens included.--Old World parasites, on roots of various plants.

O. MNOR, L. A span to a foot high, p.u.b.escent, pale yellowish-brown, or with purplish-tinged flowers in a rather loose spike; corolla 6"

long.--Parasitic on clover, N. J. to Va. Sparingly and probably recently introduced.

(Addendum) O. RAMSA, L. Often branched, 6' high or less, of a pale straw-color; flowers 3-bracteate, the lateral bracts small; calyx 4-toothed, split at the back; corolla pale blue, 6--8" long.--On the roots of hemp and tobacco; Ky. (Int. from Eu.)

ORDER 77. LENTIBULARIaCEae. (BLADDERWORT FAMILY.)

_Small herbs (growing in water or wet places), with a 2-lipped calyx, and a 2-lipped personate corolla, 2 stamens with (confluently) one-celled anthers, and a one-celled ovary with a free central placenta, bearing several anatropous seeds, with a thick straight embryo, and no alb.u.men._--Corolla deeply 2-lipped, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed and with a prominent palate, spurred at the base in front; the palate usually bearded. Ovary free; style very short or none; stigma 1--2-lipped. Capsule often bursting irregularly. Scapes 1--few-flowered.--The following are the two princ.i.p.al genera.

1. Utricularia. Calyx-lobes mostly entire. Upper lip of corolla erect.

Filaments strongly incurved. Foliage dissected; bladder-bearing.

2. Pinguicula. Calyx with upper lip deeply 3- and lower 2-cleft.

Corolla-lobes spreading. Filaments straighter. Terrestrial, with entire rosulate leaves next the ground.

1. UTRICULaRIA, L. BLADDERWORT.

Lips of the 2-parted calyx entire, or nearly so. Corolla personate, the palate on the lower lip projecting, often closing the throat; upper lip erect. Anthers convergent.--Aquatic and immersed, with capillary dissected leaves bearing little bladders, which float the plant at the time of flowering; or rooting in the mud, and sometimes with few or no leaves or bladders. Scapes 1--few-flowered; usually flowering all summer. Bladders furnished with a valvular lid and usually with a few bristles at the orifice. (Name from _utriculus_, a little bladder.)

[*] _Upper leaves in a whorl on the otherwise naked scape, floating by means of large bladders formed of the inflated petioles; the lower leaves dissected and capillary, bearing small bladders; rootlets few or none._

1. U. inflata, Walt. Swimming free; bladder-like petioles oblong, pointed at the ends and branched near the apex, bearing fine thread-like divisions; flowers 3--10 (large, yellow); the appressed spur half the length of the corolla; style distinct.--In still water, Maine to Tex., near the coast.

[*][*] _Scapes naked (except some small scaly bracts), from immersed branching stems, which commonly swim free, bearing capillary dissected leaves with small bladders on their lobes; roots few and not affixed, or none. (Mostly perennial, propagated from year to year by tuber-like buds.)_

[+] _Cleistogamous flowers along the submersed copiously bladder-bearing stems._

2. U. clandestna, Nutt. Leaves numerous on the slender immersed stems, several times forked, capillary; scapes slender (3--5' high); lips of the yellow corolla nearly equal in length, the lower broader and 3-lobed, somewhat longer than the approximate thick and blunt spur.--Ponds, from N. Brunswick and N. Eng. to N. J., near the coast.

[+][+] _No cleistogamous flowers._

[++] _Pedicels recurved in fruit; corolla yellow._

3. U. vulgaris, L. (GREATER BLADDERWORT.) Immersed stems (1--3 long) _crowded with 2--3-pinnately many-parted capillary leaves, bearing many bladders_; scapes 5--12-flowered (6--12' long); _corolla closed_ (6--9"

broad), the sides reflexed; spur conical, rather shorter than the lower lip, thick and blunt in the European and the high northern plant; in the common American plant less thick and rather acute.--Common in ponds and slow streams, Newf. to Minn., south to Va. and Tex., and westward. (Eu., Asia.)

4. U. mnor, L. (SMALLER B.) _Leaves scattered_ on the thread-like immersed stems, 2--4 times _forked_, short; scapes weak, 2--8-flowered (3--7' high); _upper lip of the gaping corolla not longer than the depressed palate; spur very short and blunt, or almost none_.--Shallow water, E. Ma.s.s, to Minn., south to N. J. and Ark., and westward. (Eu.)

[++][++] _Pedicels erect in fruit, few and slender; corolla yellow._

5. U. gibba, L. _Scape_ (1--3' high) _1--2-flowered_, at base furnished with very slender short branches, bearing sparingly dissected capillary root-like leaves and scattered bladders; corolla 3--4" broad, the lips broad and rounded, nearly equal; the _lower_ with the sides reflexed, _exceeding and approximate to the very thick and blunt conical gibbous spur_.--Shallow water, Ma.s.s. to Mich., south to Va. and Ill.; Mt. Desert (_F. M. Day_).

6. U. biflra, Lam. _Scape_ (2--5' high) _1--3-flowered_, at the base bearing somewhat elongated submersed branches with capillary root-like leaves and numerous bladders; _corolla 4--6" broad, the spur oblong, equalling the lower lip_; seeds scale-shaped.--Ponds and shallow waters, S. Ill. and Iowa to Tex.; also S. Va. (?), and Barnstable, Ma.s.s. (_W.

Deane_).

7. U. fibrsa, Walt. _Leaves_ crowded or whorled on the small immersed stems, several times forked, _capillary_; the bladders borne mainly along the stems; flowers 2--6 (6" broad); lips nearly equal, broad and expanded, the upper undulate, concave, plaited-striate in the middle; _spur nearly linear, obtuse_, approaching and almost equalling the lower lip. (U. striata, _LeConte_.)--Shallow pools in pine barrens, L. Island and N. J. to Fla. and Ala.

8. U. intermedia, Hayne. _Leaves_ crowded on the immersed stems, _2-ranked_, 4--5 times forked, _rigid_, the divisions linear-awl-shaped, minutely bristle-toothed along the margins; _the bladders borne on separate leafless branches_; upper lip of corolla much longer than the palate; _spur conical-subulate, acute, appressed to the very broad (6--8") lower lip and nearly as long as it_.--Shallow pools, Newf. to N. J., west to Iowa, Minn., and northward. (Eu., Asia.)

[++][++][++] _Pedicels erect in fruit, rather long; corolla violet-purple._

9. U. purpurea, Walt. Leaves whorled along the long immersed free floating stems, petioled, decompound, capillary, bearing many bladders; flowers 2--4 (6" wide); spur appressed to the 3-lobed 2-saccate lower lip of the corolla and about half its length.--Ponds, Maine and N. Penn.

to Fla., mainly near the coast; also Lake Co., Ind.

[*][*][*] _Scape solitary, slender and naked, or with a few small scales, the base rooting in the mud or soil; leaves small, awl-shaped or gra.s.s-like, often raised out of the water, commonly few or fugacious; air-bladders few on the leaves or rootlets, or commonly none._

[+] _Flower purple, solitary; leaves bearing a few delicate lobes._

10. U. resupinata, B. D. Greene. Scape (2--8' high) 2-bracted above; leaves thread-like, on delicate creeping branches; corolla (4--5" long) deeply 2-parted; spur oblong-conical, very obtuse, shorter than the dilated lower lip and remote from it, _both ascending_, the flower resting transversely on the summit of the scape.--Sandy margins of ponds, E. Maine to R. I., near the coast; also N. New York and Presque Isle, L. Erie.

[+][+] _Flowers 2--10, (chiefly) yellow; leaves entire, rarely seen._

11. U. subulata, L. Stem capillary (3--5' high); _pedicels capillary; lower lip of the corolla flat_ or with its margins recurved, _equally 3-lobed_, much larger than the ovate upper one; _spur oblong_, acute, straight, _appressed_ to the lower lip, which it nearly equals in length.--Sandy swamps, and pine-barrens, Nantucket, Ma.s.s., to N. J., Fla., and Tex., near the coast.

Var. cleistogama, Gray. Only 1--2' high, bearing 1 or 2 evidently cleistogamous purplish flowers, not larger than a pin's head; capsule becoming 1" long. (The unnamed Utricularia in the Man., p. 320).--With the ordinary form; Barnstable and Nantucket, Ma.s.s., pine-barrens of N. J., and southward.

12. U. cornuta, Michx. Stem strict (3'--1 high), 1--5-flowered; _pedicels not longer than the calyx_; corolla 1' long, the _lower lip large and helmet-shaped_, its centre very convex and projecting, while the sides are strongly reflexed; upper lip obovate and much smaller; _spur awl-shaped, turned downward_ and outward, about as long as the lower lip.--Peat-bogs, or sandy swamps, Newf. to Minn., south to Fla.

and Tex.; common.

2. PINGUiCULA, Tourn. b.u.t.tERWORT.

Upper lip of the calyx 3-cleft, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla with an open hairy or spotted palate, the lobes spreading.--Small and stemless perennials, growing on damp rocks, with 1-flowered scapes, and broad and entire leaves, all cl.u.s.tered at the root, soft-fleshy, mostly greasy to the touch (whence the name, from _pinguis_, fat).

1. P. Vulgaris, L. Leaves ovate or elliptical; scape and calyx a little p.u.b.escent; lips of the violet corolla very unequal, the tube funnel-form; spur straightish.--Wet rocks, northern N. Eng. and N. Y. to Minn., and far northward. (Eu., Asia.)

ORDER 78. BIGNONIaCEae. (BIGNONIA FAMILY.)

_Woody plants, monopetalous, didynamous or diandrous, with the ovary commonly 2-celled by the meeting of the two parietal placentae or of a projection from them, many-ovuled; fruit a dry capsule, the large flat winged seeds with a flat embryo and no alb.u.men, the broad and leaf-like cotyledons notched at both ends._--Calyx 2-lipped, 5-cleft, or entire.

Corolla tubular or bell-shaped, 5-lobed, somewhat irregular or 2-lipped, deciduous; the lower lobe largest. Stamens inserted on the corolla; the fifth or posterior one, and sometimes the shorter pair also, sterile or rudimentary; anthers of 2 diverging cells. Ovary free, bearing a long style, with a 2-lipped stigma.--Leaves compound or simple, opposite, rarely alternate. Flowers large and showy.--Chiefly a tropical family.

1. Bignonia. Pod flattened parallel with the part.i.tion. Leaves compound, tendril-bearing.

2. Tecoma. Pod flattish contrary to the part.i.tion. Leaves compound, without tendrils.