The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 57

-- 2. _Styles filiform, not glandular at base; inflorescence cymose._

[*] _Style terminal; achenes glabrous; stamens 20; herbaceous perennials, with rather large yellow flowers._

[+] _Leaves pinnate._

6. P. Hippiana, Lehm. Densely white-tomentose and silky throughout, the upper surface of the leaves a little darker; stems ascending (1--1 high), slender, branching above into a diffuse cyme; leaflets 5--11, cuneate-oblong, _incisely toothed at least toward the apex, diminis.h.i.+ng uniformly down the petiole_; carpels 10--30.--N. W. Minn., and westward.

7. P. effusa, Dougl. Tomentose throughout, with scattered villous hairs; stems ascending (4--12' high), diffusely branched above; leaflets 5--11, _interruptedly pinnate, the alternate ones smaller_, cuneate-oblong, _coa.r.s.ely-incised-serrate or dentate_; carpels 10.--W. Minn. to Mont.

and Col.

[+][+] _Leaves palmate, of 3 or 5 leaflets; tomentose or villous._

8. P. argentea, L. (SILVERY CINQUE-FOIL.) Stems ascending, paniculately branched at the summit, many-flowered, white-woolly; leaflets 5, wedge-oblong, almost pinnatifid, entire toward the base, with revolute margins, green above, white with silvery wool beneath.--Dry barren fields, etc., N. Scotia to N. J., west to Dak. and E. Kan. June--Sept.

(Eu.)

9. P. frigida, Vill. Dwarf (1--3' high), tufted, villous when young; leaflets 3, broadly cuneate-obovate, deeply 3--5-toothed at summit, nearly glabrous above; flowers mostly solitary, small, on very slender stems; bractlets and sepals equal.--Alpine summits of the White Mts.

(Eu.)

[*][*] _Style lateral; purple petals (shorter than the broad calyx) somewhat persistent; disk thick and hairy; achenes glabrous; hairy receptacle becoming large and spongy._

10. P. pal.u.s.tris, Scop. (MARSH FIVE-FINGER.) Stems stout, ascending from a dec.u.mbent rooting perennial base (--2 long), glabrous below; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5--7, oblong, serrate, lighter colored and more or less p.u.b.escent beneath; flowers few in an open cyme; calyx (1' broad) dark purple inside.--Cool bogs, N. J. to N. Ind., Ill., Minn., and northward. (Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Style attached below the middle; achenes and receptacle densely villous; woody perennials._

11. P. fruticsa, L. (SHRUBBY CINQUE-FOIL.) _Stem erect, shrubby_ (1--4 high), much branched; _leaves pinnate, leaflets 5--7_, crowded, oblong-lanceolate, _entire_, silky, usually whiter beneath and the margins revolute; _petals yellow, orbicular_.--Wet grounds, Lab. to N. J., west to Minn., northern Iowa, and north and westward. June--Sept.

(Eu.)

12. P. tridentata, Ait. (THREE-TOOTHED C.) Stems low (1--10' high), rather woody at base, tufted, ascending, cymosely several-flowered; _leaves palmate; leaflets 3_, wedge-oblong, nearly smooth, thick, _coa.r.s.ely 3-toothed at the apex; petals white_; achenes and receptacle very hairy.--Coast of N. Eng. from Cape Cod northward, Norfolk, Ct.

(_Barbour_), and mountain-tops of the Alleghanies; also sh.o.r.es of the upper Great Lakes, and N. Iowa, Wisc., and Minn.

-- 3. _Styles filiform, lateral; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered; achenes glabrous; receptacle very villous; herbaceous perennials, with yellow flowers._

13. P. Anserna, L. (SILVER-WEED.) _Spreading by slender many-jointed runners, white-tomentose and silky-villous; leaves all radical, pinnate_; leaflets 7--21, with smaller ones interposed, _oblong_, sharply serrate, silky tomentose at least beneath; bractlets and stipules often incisely cleft; peduncles elongated.--Brackish marshes, river-banks, etc., New Eng. to N. J., N. Ind., Minn., and northward.

(Eu.)

14. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON CINQUE-FOIL or FIVE-FINGER.) _Stems slender and dec.u.mbent or prostrate_, or sometimes erect; _p.u.b.escence villous, often scanty; leaves ternate, but apparently quinate_ by the parting of the lateral leaflets; _leaflets cuneate-oblong or -obovate_, incisely serrate, nearly glabrous above; bractlets entire.--Dry soil; common and variable. Apr.--July.--Often producing summer runners.

11. SIBBaLDIA, L.

Calyx flattish, 5-cleft, with 5 bractlets. Petals 5, linear-oblong, minute. Stamens 5, inserted alternate with the petals into the margin of the woolly disk which lines the base of the calyx. Achenes 5--10; styles lateral.--Low and depressed mountain perennials; included by some in Potentilla. (Dedicated to _Dr. Robert Sibbald_, professor at Edinburgh at the close of the 17th century.)

1. S. proc.u.mbens, L. Leaflets 3, wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at the apex; petals yellow.--Alpine summits of the White Mts., and northward. (Eu.)

12. ALCHEMiLLA, Tourn. LADY'S MANTLE.

Calyx-tube inversely conical, contracted at the throat; limb 4-parted with as many alternate accessory lobes. Petals none. Stamens 1--4.

Pistils 1--4; the slender style arising from near the base; achenes included in the tube of the persistent calyx.--Low herbs, with palmately lobed or compound leaves, and small corymbed greenish flowers. (From _Alkemelyeh_, the Arabic name, having reference to the silky p.u.b.escence of some species.)

A. ARVeNSIS, Scop. (PARSLEY PIERT.) Small annual (3--8' high), leafy; leaves 3-parted, with the wedge-shaped lobes 2--3-cleft, p.u.b.escent; flowers fascicled opposite the axils.--Va. and N. C. (Adv. from Eu.)

13. AGRIMNIA, Tourn. AGRIMONY.

Calyx-tube top-shaped, contracted at the throat, beset with hooked bristles above, indurated in fruit and enclosing the 2 achenes; the limb 5-cleft, closed after flowering. Petals 5. Stamens 5--15. Styles terminal. Seed suspended.--Perennial herbs, with interruptedly pinnate leaves, and yellow flowers in slender spiked racemes; bracts 3-cleft.

(Name a corruption of _Argemonia_, of the same derivation as Argemone, p. 59.)

1. A. Eupatria, L. (COMMON AGRIMONY.) _Leaflets 5--7 with minute ones intermixed, oblong-obovate_, coa.r.s.ely toothed; petals twice the length of the calyx.--Borders of woods, common. July--Sept. (Eu.)

2. A. parviflra, Ait. (SMALL-FLOWERED A.) _Leaflets crowded, 11--19, with smaller ones intermixed, lanceolate_, acute, deeply and regularly cut-serrate, as well as the stipules; petals small.--Woods and glades, N. Y. and N. J. to Ga., west to Mich., Kan., and La.

14. POTeRIUM, L. BURNET.

Calyx with a top-shaped tube, constricted at the throat, persistent; the 4 broad petal-like spreading lobes imbricated in the bud, deciduous.

Petals none. Stamens 4--12 or more, with flaccid filaments and short anthers. Pistils 1--3; the slender terminal style tipped with a tufted or brush-like stigma. Achene (commonly solitary) enclosed in the 4-angled dry and thickish closed calyx-tube. Seed suspended.--Chiefly perennial herbs, with unequally pinnate leaves, stipules coherent with the petiole, and small, often polygamous or dicious flowers crowded in a dense head or spike at the summit of a long and naked peduncle, each bracteate and 2-bracteolate. (Name p?t?????, _a drinking-cup_, the foliage of Burnet having been used in the preparation of some medicinal drink.)

1. P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. (CANADIAN BURNET.) Stamens 4, long-exserted, club-shaped, white, as is the whole of the elongated and cylindrical spike; stem 3--6 high; leaflets numerous, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, coa.r.s.ely serrate, obtuse, heart shaped at base, as if stipellate; stipules serrate.--Bogs and wet meadows, Newf. to mountains of Ga., west to Mich.

P. SANGUISoRBA, L. (GARDEN BURNET.) Stamens 12 or more in the lower flowers of the globular greenish head, with drooping capillary filaments, the upper flowers pistillate only; stems about 1 high; leaflets numerous, small, ovate, deeply cut.--Fields and rocks, N. Y. to Md. (Adv. from Eu.)

15. RSA, Tourn. ROSE.

Calyx-tube urn-shaped, contracted at the mouth, becoming fleshy in fruit. Petals 5, obovate or obcordate, inserted with the many stamens into the edge of the hollow thin disk that lines the calyx-tube and within bears the numerous pistils below. Ovaries hairy, becoming bony achenes in fruit.--Shrubby and usually spiny or p.r.i.c.kly, with odd-pinnate leaves, and stipules cohering with the petiole; stalks, foliage, etc., often bearing aromatic glands. Many of the species are very variable in their characters, and are often indeterminable upon imperfect specimens. (The ancient Latin name.)

[*] _Styles cohering in a protruding column, as long as the stamens._

1. R. setigera, Michx. (CLIMBING or PRAIRIE ROSE.) Stems climbing, armed with stout nearly straight scattered p.r.i.c.kles, not bristly; leaflets 3--5, ovate, acute, sharply serrate, smooth or downy beneath; stalks and calyx glandular; flowers corymbed; sepals pointed; petals deep rose-color changing to white; fruit (hip) globular.--Borders of prairies and thickets, Ont. to Ohio, S. C., and Fla., west to Wisc., Neb., and Tex.; also cultivated. July.--The only American climbing rose, or with united protruding styles; strong shoots growing 10--20 in a season.

[*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals connivent after flowering and persistent; pedicels and receptacles naked._

[+] _Fruit oblong-obovate to oblong; infrastipular spines usually none._

2. R. Engelmanni, Watson. Stems usually 3--4 high or less; infrastipular spines, when present, straight and slender; p.r.i.c.kles often abundant; leaflets 5--7, often somewhat resinous-p.u.b.erulent beneath and the teeth serrulate; flowers solitary; sepals entire, naked or hispid; fruit 6--12" long.--Whisky Island, L. Huron, sh.o.r.es of L. Superior, and west to the Red River valley, and in the mountains from N. Mont, and N. Idaho to Col.

[+][+] _Fruit globose; infrastipular spines none; acicular p.r.i.c.kles often present._

3. R. blanda, Ait. Stems 1--3 high, _wholly unarmed_ (occasionally with a few or very rarely numerous p.r.i.c.kles); _stipules dilated_, naked and entire, or slightly glandular-toothed; _leaflets 5--7_, usually oblong-lanceolate, _cuneate at base and petiolulate, simply serrate, not resinous_; flowers usually large, corymbose or solitary; _sepals hispid, entire_.--On rocks and rocky sh.o.r.es, Newf. to N. Eng., central N. Y., Ill. (La Salle Co.), and the region of the Great Lakes.

4. R. Sayi, Schwein. Stems usually low (1--2 high), _very p.r.i.c.kly; stipules usually dilated_, glandular-ciliate and resinous; _leaflets 3--7_, broadly elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, _sessile and obtuse or subcordate at base, resinous-p.u.b.erulent and teeth serrulate_; flowers large, solitary (very rarely 2 or 3); outer sepals usually with 1 or 2 narrow lateral lobes, not hispid.--N. Mich. and Wisc. to Minn. and Col.

5. R. Arkansana, Porter. Stems low, _very p.r.i.c.kly; stipules narrow_, more or less glandular-toothed above (or even glandular-ciliate); _leaflets 7--11_, broadly elliptical to oblong-oblanceolate, _subcuneate at base_, sessile or petiolulate, _simply toothed, not resinous_; flowers corymbose; _sepals rarely hispid, the outer lobed_.--Minn. to Mo. and W. Tex., west to Col.

[+][+][+] _Fruit globose; infrastipular spines present._

6. R. Wodsii, Lindl. Stems usually low (--3 high), with slender straight or recurved spines, sometimes with scattered p.r.i.c.kles, or wholly unarmed above; leaflets 5--7, obovate to oblong or lanceolate, more or less toothed; flowers corymbose or solitary; sepals naked or hispid, the outer usually lobed; fruit globose with a short neck.--Minn.

to Mo., west to Col.