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The Marne, 1914 Part 10

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3. AFGG, 1-1:21; Joffre, 1:252. AFGG, 1-1:21; Joffre, 1:252.

4. Sewell Tyng, Sewell Tyng, The Campaign of the Marne, 1914 The Campaign of the Marne, 1914 (New York and Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1935), 61. (New York and Toronto: Longmans, Green, 1935), 61.

5. AFGG, 1:221. AFGG, 1:221.

6. Anthony Clayton, Anthony Clayton, Paths of Glory: The French Army, 191418 Paths of Glory: The French Army, 191418 (London: Ca.s.sell, 2003), 20. (London: Ca.s.sell, 2003), 20.

7. AFGG, 1:22223. AFGG, 1:22223.



8. Michael S. Neiberg, Michael S. Neiberg, Fighting the Great War: A Global History Fighting the Great War: A Global History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 22; Joffre, 1:24748. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), 22; Joffre, 1:24748.

9. Die Badener im Weltkrieg 1914/1918 Die Badener im Weltkrieg 1914/1918, ed. Wilhelm Muller-Loebnitz (Karlsruhe: G. Braun, 1935), 2230.

10. WK, 1:15968. WK, 1:15968.

11. War diary dated 9 August 1914. GLA, 456 F38 KTB des Inf. Regt. 112, Nr. 146. War diary dated 9 August 1914. GLA, 456 F38 KTB des Inf. Regt. 112, Nr. 146.

12. War diary dated 9 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F42 KTB des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 126. War diary dated 9 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F42 KTB des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 126.

13. Ibid., 456 F42 KTB des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 128. Ibid., 456 F42 KTB des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 128.

14. Ibid., D Kriegsrangliste des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 180. Ibid., D Kriegsrangliste des Inf. Regt. 169, Nr. 180.

15. Messimy, 10 August 1914, SHD, 1 K 268; and Messimy, 15 August, AFGG, 2-2:68. Messimy, 10 August 1914, SHD, 1 K 268; and Messimy, 15 August, AFGG, 2-2:68.

16. War diary dated 12 August 1914. GLA, 456 F43 KTB des Inf. Regt. 170, Nr. 345. War diary dated 12 August 1914. GLA, 456 F43 KTB des Inf. Regt. 170, Nr. 345.

17. War diary dated 11 and 12 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F43 KTB des Inf. Regt. 170, Nr. 317. War diary dated 11 and 12 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F43 KTB des Inf. Regt. 170, Nr. 317.

18. Brigade Order dated 31 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F58 Brigadebefehle, Nr. 27. Brigade Order dated 31 August 1914. Ibid., 456 F58 Brigadebefehle, Nr. 27.

19. Moltke's "Gedanken uber die ersten Operationen der 6. und 7. Armee" of 6 August 1914, BA-MA, RH 61/96, Aufmarschanweisungen fur die Jahre 1893/94 bis 1914/15; also Wenninger to War Ministry, 15 August 1914, BHStA-KA, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 187. Moltke's "Gedanken uber die ersten Operationen der 6. und 7. Armee" of 6 August 1914, BA-MA, RH 61/96, Aufmarschanweisungen fur die Jahre 1893/94 bis 1914/15; also Wenninger to War Ministry, 15 August 1914, BHStA-KA, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 187.

20. See Dieter Storz, "'Dieser Stellungs-und Festungskrieg ist scheulich!' Zu den Kampfen in Lothringen und in den Vogesen im Sommer 1914," in See Dieter Storz, "'Dieser Stellungs-und Festungskrieg ist scheulich!' Zu den Kampfen in Lothringen und in den Vogesen im Sommer 1914," in Der Schlieffenplan. a.n.a.lysen und Dok.u.mente Der Schlieffenplan. a.n.a.lysen und Dok.u.mente, eds. Hans Ehlert, Michael Epkenhans, and Gerhard P. Gro (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schoningh, 2006), 161204.

21. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, Gedanken uber die ersten Operationen der 6. und 7. Armee 369; and ibid., Aufmarsch-Anweisungen 369. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, Gedanken uber die ersten Operationen der 6. und 7. Armee 369; and ibid., Aufmarsch-Anweisungen 369.

22. Keiner fuhlt sich hier mehr als Mensch ... Erlebnis und Wirkung des Ersten Weltkriegs Keiner fuhlt sich hier mehr als Mensch ... Erlebnis und Wirkung des Ersten Weltkriegs, eds. Gerhard Hirschfeld and Gerd Krumeich (Essen: Klartext, 1993), 9495.

23. Ibid., 95, 107. Also WK, 1:16970. Ibid., 95, 107. Also WK, 1:16970.

24. Die Bayern im Groen Kriege 19141918 Die Bayern im Groen Kriege 19141918, ed. Bayerisches Kriegsarchiv (Munich: Verlag des Bayerischen Kriegsarchivs, 1923), 1:17.

25. Diary entry dated 9 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Diary entry dated 9 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

26. Die Bayern im Groen Kriege Die Bayern im Groen Kriege, 1:20; WK, 1:192.

27. Diary dated 13 August 1914, BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Diary dated 13 August 1914, BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

28. Joffre's instruction to First and Second armies dated 11 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:18889; Joffre, 1:253. Joffre's instruction to First and Second armies dated 11 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:18889; Joffre, 1:253.

29. AFGG, 1:14445, 22930; and 1-1:171. AFGG, 1:14445, 22930; and 1-1:171.

30. See the critique by Lieutenant Colonel Pont, head of the Third Bureau. AFGG, 1:14748. See the critique by Lieutenant Colonel Pont, head of the Third Bureau. AFGG, 1:14748.

31. Castelnau to Joffre, 6 February 1914. AFGG, 1:295. Castelnau to Joffre, 6 February 1914. AFGG, 1:295.

32. Yves Gras, Yves Gras, Castelnau ou l'art de commander 18511944 Castelnau ou l'art de commander 18511944 (Paris: Denoel, 1990), 14974. (Paris: Denoel, 1990), 14974.

33. Instruction particuliere No. 5, 13 August 1914, AFGG, 1-1:23940; Tyng, Instruction particuliere No. 5, 13 August 1914, AFGG, 1-1:23940; Tyng, Campaign of the Marne Campaign of the Marne, 64.

34. Rudolf von Xylander, Rudolf von Xylander, Deutsche Fuhrung in Lothringen 1914. Wahrheit und Kriegsgeschichte Deutsche Fuhrung in Lothringen 1914. Wahrheit und Kriegsgeschichte (Berlin: Junker und Dunnhaupt, 1935), 34; Thomas Muller, (Berlin: Junker und Dunnhaupt, 1935), 34; Thomas Muller, Konrad Krafft von Dell mensingen (18621953). Portrat eines bayerischen Offiziers Konrad Krafft von Dell mensingen (18621953). Portrat eines bayerischen Offiziers (Munich: Kommission fur Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2002), 31819. (Munich: Kommission fur Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2002), 31819.

35. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, KTB 2.8.14-14.3.1915, folder 369, 48. Italics in the original. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, KTB 2.8.14-14.3.1915, folder 369, 48. Italics in the original.

36. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145; Muller, BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145; Muller, Krafft von Dellmensingen Krafft von Dellmensingen, 328.

37. Diary entry dated 14 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; Crown Prince Rupprecht, Diary entry dated 14 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; Crown Prince Rupprecht, Mein Kriegstagebuch Mein Kriegstagebuch (Munich: Deutscher National Verlag, 1923), 1:9. (Munich: Deutscher National Verlag, 1923), 1:9.

38. Diary entry dated 15 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; BA-MA, RH 61/50739, Generalleutnant von Stein, der Generalquartiermeister der sechs ersten Kriegswochen, 11. Diary entry dated 15 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; BA-MA, RH 61/50739, Generalleutnant von Stein, der Generalquartiermeister der sechs ersten Kriegswochen, 11.

39. The German official history lists Sixth Army at 183 battalions of infantry and 1,068 guns; Seventh Army at 145 battalions and 698 guns. French forces ranged against them were set at 218 battalions of infantry and 864 guns for Second Army; 202 battalions and 734 guns for First Army. WK, 1:646. The German official history lists Sixth Army at 183 battalions of infantry and 1,068 guns; Seventh Army at 145 battalions and 698 guns. French forces ranged against them were set at 218 battalions of infantry and 864 guns for Second Army; 202 battalions and 734 guns for First Army. WK, 1:646.

40. AFGG, 1:271ff. AFGG, 1:271ff.

41. See 26th Division's report dated 14 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:33031. See 26th Division's report dated 14 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:33031.

42. Second Army reports dated 15 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:31617. Second Army reports dated 15 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:31617.

43. Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle, France and Her Army France and Her Army (London: Hutchinson, 1945), 91. (London: Hutchinson, 1945), 91.

44. Robert Doughty, Robert Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War (Cambridge, MA, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), 62. (Cambridge, MA, and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), 62.

45. "The fighting thus far has demonstrated the admiral offensive qualities of our infantry." Joffre, 1:252, 273. "The fighting thus far has demonstrated the admiral offensive qualities of our infantry." Joffre, 1:252, 273.

46. GLA, 456 F41 KTB des Inf. Regt. 112, Nr. 171. Goering served with 8th Company at Mulhouse, Sarrebourg-Morhange, and Nancy-epinal. GLA, 456 F41 KTB des Inf. Regt. 112, Nr. 171. Goering served with 8th Company at Mulhouse, Sarrebourg-Morhange, and Nancy-epinal.

47. GLA, 456 D Kriegsrangliste Bad. Inf. Regt. Prinz Wilhelm Nr. 112. Goering transferred to the air force for the rest of the Great War and ended forty-sixth on the list of "aces" with twenty-two "kills." GLA, 456 D Kriegsrangliste Bad. Inf. Regt. Prinz Wilhelm Nr. 112. Goering transferred to the air force for the rest of the Great War and ended forty-sixth on the list of "aces" with twenty-two "kills."

48. Formalized in Instruction generale No. 4, 19 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:492. Formalized in Instruction generale No. 4, 19 August 1914. AFGG, 1-1:492.

49. Ibid., 528. Ibid., 528.

50. WK, 1:205; WK, 1:205; Die Bayern im Groen Kriege Die Bayern im Groen Kriege, 1:27.

51. Diary entry dated 15 August 1914. BHStA-GH, Tagebuch Rupprecht, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; Rupprecht, Diary entry dated 15 August 1914. BHStA-GH, Tagebuch Rupprecht, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699; Rupprecht, Mein Kriegstagebuch Mein Kriegstagebuch, 1:11.

52. War diary dated 19 and 22 August 1914. GLA, 456 F58 KTB des Inf. Regt. 40 Stab, Nr. 27. War diary dated 19 and 22 August 1914. GLA, 456 F58 KTB des Inf. Regt. 40 Stab, Nr. 27.

53. Ibid., Nr. 115. Ibid., Nr. 115.

54. GLA, S Kriegsbriefe und Kriegstagebucher 53. GLA, S Kriegsbriefe und Kriegstagebucher 53.

55. Dominik Richert, Dominik Richert, Beste Gelegenheit zum Sterben. Meine Erlebnisse im Kriege 19141918 Beste Gelegenheit zum Sterben. Meine Erlebnisse im Kriege 19141918 (Munich: Knesebeck & Schuler, 1989), 2829. (Munich: Knesebeck & Schuler, 1989), 2829.

56. Letter dated 19 August 1914. GLA, 456 F58 KTB des Inf. Regt. 40 Stab, Nr. 52. Letter dated 19 August 1914. GLA, 456 F58 KTB des Inf. Regt. 40 Stab, Nr. 52.

57. Gaede to Friedrich II of Baden dated 20 August 1914. GLA, 59 Weltkrieg 1914Schriftwechsel Gaede, Nr. 316. Gaede to Friedrich II of Baden dated 20 August 1914. GLA, 59 Weltkrieg 1914Schriftwechsel Gaede, Nr. 316.

58. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

59. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kron prinz Rupprecht 699. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kron prinz Rupprecht 699.

60. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Italics in the original. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Italics in the original.

61. Ibid. Ibid.

62. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, KTB 2.8.1414.3.1915, 7. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, KTB 2.8.1414.3.1915, 7.

63. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

64. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Italics in the original. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Italics in the original.

65. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699. Diary entry dated 17 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

66. Diary entry dated 18 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145; WK, 1:21011. Diary entry dated 18 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145; WK, 1:21011.

67. Wenninger to Falkenhayn, 19 August 1914. BHStA-KA, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 187. Wenninger to Falkenhayn, 19 August 1914. BHStA-KA, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 187.

68. AFGG, 1:275ff.; Joffre, 1:28183. AFGG, 1:275ff.; Joffre, 1:28183.

69. See Marechal Foch, See Marechal Foch, Memoires pour server a l'histoire de la guerre de 19141918 Memoires pour server a l'histoire de la guerre de 19141918 (Paris: Plon, 1931), 1:6162, 65. (Paris: Plon, 1931), 1:6162, 65.

70. Rupprecht, Rupprecht, Mein Kriegstagebuch Mein Kriegstagebuch, 1:25.

71. Diary entry dated 19 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145. Diary entry dated 19 August 1914. BHStA-KA, KTB 1914, Nachla Krafft von Dellmensingen 145.

72. B. H. Liddell Hart, B. H. Liddell Hart, Foch: The Man of Orleans Foch: The Man of Orleans (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1931), 85. (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1931), 85.

73. Cited in Clayton, Cited in Clayton, Paths of Glory Paths of Glory, 24.

74. AFGG, 1:32829; and 1-1:263; Joffre, 1:28486. AFGG, 1:32829; and 1-1:263; Joffre, 1:28486.

75. Tyng, Tyng, Campaign of the Marne Campaign of the Marne, 70.

76. Die Bayern im Groen Kriege Die Bayern im Groen Kriege, 1:4554.

77. Graevenitz to War Minister Otto von Marchtaler, 22 August 1914. HStA, M 1/2 Berichte des Militarbevollmachtigten beim Grossen Hauptquartier und des stellv. Militarbevollmachtigten in Berlin, vol. 54. Graevenitz to War Minister Otto von Marchtaler, 22 August 1914. HStA, M 1/2 Berichte des Militarbevollmachtigten beim Grossen Hauptquartier und des stellv. Militarbevollmachtigten in Berlin, vol. 54.

78. Diary entry dated 20 August 1914. Wenninger's reports are at the BHStA-Ministerium des aueren, Nachla Wenninger, MA 30763085. They were published in full by Bernd Schulte, "Neue Dok.u.mente zu Kriegsausbruch und Kriegsverlauf 1914," Diary entry dated 20 August 1914. Wenninger's reports are at the BHStA-Ministerium des aueren, Nachla Wenninger, MA 30763085. They were published in full by Bernd Schulte, "Neue Dok.u.mente zu Kriegsausbruch und Kriegsverlauf 1914," Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen 25 (1979): 12385, hence I cite this work. 25 (1979): 12385, hence I cite this work.

79. Hew Strachan, Hew Strachan, The First World War The First World War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 1:224. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 1:224.

80. Henri Desagneaux, Henri Desagneaux, A French Soldier's War Diary, 19141918 A French Soldier's War Diary, 19141918 (Morley, UK: Elmfield Press, 1975), 7. (Morley, UK: Elmfield Press, 1975), 7.

81. Letters dated 27 August and 14 September 1914. Madeleine Bosshard and Antoine Bosshard, eds., Letters dated 27 August and 14 September 1914. Madeleine Bosshard and Antoine Bosshard, eds., "Si je reviens comme je l'espere": lettres du front et de l'arriere, 19141918 "Si je reviens comme je l'espere": lettres du front et de l'arriere, 19141918 (Paris: Gra.s.set, 2003), 32, 36. Italics in the original. (Paris: Gra.s.set, 2003), 32, 36. Italics in the original.

82. Dated 22 August 1914. Joffre, 1:293. Dated 22 August 1914. Joffre, 1:293.

83. Diary entries dated 21, 22, and 23 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699. Diary entries dated 21, 22, and 23 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

84. John Horne and Alan Kramer, John Horne and Alan Kramer, German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2001), 6365. Karl Deuringer, (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2001), 6365. Karl Deuringer, Die Schlacht in Lothringen und in den Vogesen. Die Feuertaufe der bayerischen Armee Die Schlacht in Lothringen und in den Vogesen. Die Feuertaufe der bayerischen Armee (Munich: M. Schick, 1929), 1:185, gives a much different version in the Bavarian semiofficial history. (Munich: M. Schick, 1929), 1:185, gives a much different version in the Bavarian semiofficial history.

85. Horne and Kramer, Horne and Kramer, German Atrocities German Atrocities, 6566.

86. Ibid., 6667. Ibid., 6667.

87. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, Feldzug 1914, Verl.u.s.tliste. BHStA-KA, AOK 6, Feldzug 1914, Verl.u.s.tliste.

88. Deuringer, Deuringer, Die Schlacht in Lothringen Die Schlacht in Lothringen, 2:459. The official history, Die Bayern im Groen Kriege Die Bayern im Groen Kriege, 1:69, states laconically: "The burning city of Luneville lit up the night far and wide following this b.l.o.o.d.y day."

89. Diary entry dated 25 August 1914. BHStA-KA, Kriegstagebuch 1914/18, Nachla R. Xylander 12. Unfortunately, Xylander's diary exists only for 2225 August 1914; the rest was burned by the family as the Russians entered Berlin in 1945. Diary entry dated 25 August 1914. BHStA-KA, Kriegstagebuch 1914/18, Nachla R. Xylander 12. Unfortunately, Xylander's diary exists only for 2225 August 1914; the rest was burned by the family as the Russians entered Berlin in 1945.

90. Diary entry dated 28 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699. Diary entry dated 28 August 1914. Tagebuch Rupprecht, BHStA-GH, Nachla Kronprinz Rupprecht 699.

91. Reports dated 22 and 26 August 1914. GLA, 233 Politische Berichte des Groherzogl. Gesandten in Berlin und Munchen uber den Kriegsausbruch 34816. Reports dated 22 and 26 August 1914. GLA, 233 Politische Berichte des Groherzogl. Gesandten in Berlin und Munchen uber den Kriegsausbruch 34816.

92. WK, 1:279. WK, 1:279.

93. Letter dated 2021 August 1914. GLA, S Kriegsbriefe und Kriegstagebucher 53. Letter dated 2021 August 1914. GLA, S Kriegsbriefe und Kriegstagebucher 53.

94. Aufzeichnungen von Karl Gruber uber die ersten Kriegstage 1914, 2324 August 1914. BA-MA, MSg 2/3112, 22. Aufzeichnungen von Karl Gruber uber die ersten Kriegstage 1914, 2324 August 1914. BA-MA, MSg 2/3112, 22.

95. Deuringer, Deuringer, Die Schlacht in Lothringen Die Schlacht in Lothringen, 1:35455.

96. Ibid., 53132. Ibid., 53132.

97. Ibid., 544. Ibid., 544.

98. WK, 1:301, 575, 582. WK, 1:301, 575, 582.

99. Das Bayernbuch vom Weltkriege 19141918. Ein Volksbuch Das Bayernbuch vom Weltkriege 19141918. Ein Volksbuch, ed. Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen (Stuttgart: Chr. Belser, 1930), 2:1123.

100. Deuringer, Deuringer, Die Schlacht in Lothringen Die Schlacht in Lothringen, 1:36667.

101. Friedrich Stuhlmann, Friedrich Stuhlmann, Die deutsche Feldpost in Geschichte und Tatigkeit Die deutsche Feldpost in Geschichte und Tatigkeit (Berlin: R. Claa.s.sen, 1939), 14ff. There exist no figures for the Bavarian mail. (Berlin: R. Claa.s.sen, 1939), 14ff. There exist no figures for the Bavarian mail.

102. Bernd Ulrich, Bernd Ulrich, Die Augenzeugen. Deutsche Feldpostbriefe in Kriegs-und Nachkriegszeit 19141933 Die Augenzeugen. Deutsche Feldpostbriefe in Kriegs-und Nachkriegszeit 19141933 (Essen: Klartext, 1997), 4546. (Essen: Klartext, 1997), 4546.

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